Mathematical evaluation of chromosomal anomalies induced by xylol in Vicia faba L. regarding application time and concentration

Abstract

This study investigates how xylol acts on chromosomes of broad bean (Vicia faba L.) according to the time and concentration parameters. Xylol has the chemical formula C 6 H 4 (CH 3 ) 2 , which is also called dimethylbenzene. This chemical is evaluated as a basic substance or a supplementary basic substance in many industrial products such as farming chemicals. Xylol is used as a typical solvent in solvent-based formulations and serves as the carrier solution for the pesticide ingredient in farming chemicals. The present study investigates the chromosomal changes induced by xylol in the meristematic cells of the root tips of V. faba, which is widely used as food by humans. The root tips were treated with xylol solutions which are prepared in various concentrations (5,20,40 and 80 ml/L) for different treatment duration periods (8 and 72 h). The aim of the microscopic examination was to clarify chromosomal anomalies of cell division. The microscopic examination showed that various anomalies occurred in cells of the root tip meristems such as chromosome breaking, dispersion, adherence, bridge chromosome and ring chromosomes. The data obtained from microscopic analysis in the study were evaluated statistically. We have tried to demonstrate and assess the effects obtained from laboratory studies numerically. The Pearson's correlation and variance analysis were applied to data to reveal the similarities and the differences of the chromosomal features. The statistical analyses used in the study also serve the purpose of reliability, concreteness and the comparison of the results. The study also sheds light on the possible harms of xylol on chromosomes transferring genetic codes of living beings to forthcoming generations.