Mathematical model for the irradiance probability density function of a laser beam propagating through turbulent media

Al-Habash, M. A.; Andrews, Larry C.; Phillips, Ronald L.

doi:10.1117/1.1386641

Cited by 1,035 publications

(668 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Other turbulence models such as the I-K [15] and the gamma-gamma [16] are all included in the negative exponential distribution in the limit of strong turbulence.…”

Section: B the Negative Exponential Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coherent optical binary polarisation shift keying heterodyne system in the free-space optical turbulence channel

Tang

Ghassemlooy

Rajbhandari

et al. 2011

IET Microw. Antennas Propag.

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In this paper, analytical and simulation results for the bit error rate (BER) performance and fading penalty of a coherent optical binary polarization shift keying (2PolSK) heterodyne system adopted for a free space optical (FSO) communication link modeled as the log-normal and the negative exponential atmospheric turbulence channels are presented. The conditional and unconditional BER expressions are derived, demonstrating the comprehensive similarity between the 2PolSK and the binary frequency shift keying (2FSK) schemes with regards to the system sensitivity. The power penalty due to the non-ideal polarization beam splitter (PBS) is also analyzed. The receiver sensitivity employing 2PolSK is compared with other modulation schemes in the presence of turbulence and the phase noise. The results show that 2PolSK offers improved signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) performance compared to the binary amplitude shift keying (2ASK).

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“…Other turbulence models such as the I-K [15] and the gamma-gamma [16] are all included in the negative exponential distribution in the limit of strong turbulence.…”

Section: B the Negative Exponential Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coherent optical binary polarisation shift keying heterodyne system in the free-space optical turbulence channel

Tang

Ghassemlooy

Rajbhandari

et al. 2011

IET Microw. Antennas Propag.

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“…As such, it is an interesting problem to analyze the degradation of signal strength due to scintillation of the optical signal as well as link performance against atmospheric turbulence channels. In atmospheric turbulence channels, the coherence time of the channels is on the order of milliseconds, which is typically much larger than the one-bit time interval of gigabit-per-second (Gbps) FSO signals [6][7][8][9][10][11]. Hence, for a one-bit time interval, the FSO channels are modeled as a constant and random variable that is governed by a log-normal, K, or gamma-gamma distribution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, for a one-bit time interval, the FSO channels are modeled as a constant and random variable that is governed by a log-normal, K, or gamma-gamma distribution. The gamma-gamma distribution is a tractable mathematical model with a multiplication of two parameters of small-scale and large-scale irradiance fluctuations, the probability density functions (PDFs) of which are independent gamma distributions, and it provides excellent agreement between theoretical and simulation results [6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

BER Analysis of Coherent Free Space Optical Systems with BPSK over Gamma-Gamma Channels

Lim

2015

Journal of the Optical Society of Korea

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We derived the average bit error rate (BER) of coherent free-space optical (FSO) systems with digital binary phase shift keying (BPSK) modulations over atmospheric turbulence channels with a gamma-gamma distribution. To obtain a generalized derivation in a closed-form expression, we used special integrals and transformations of the Meijer G function. Furthermore, we numerically analyzed and simulated the average BER behavior according to the average SNR for different turbulence strengths. Simulation results are demonstrated to confirm the analytical results.

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“…As derived in Ref. [8], the Gamma-Gamma probability density function (PDF) of the irradiance I is given by…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Eq. (9), the positive parameters α and β represent the effective number of large-scale and small-scale cells of the scattering process, respectively [8] . From Ref.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Advantages of solitonic shape pulses for full-optical wireless communication links

et al. 2012

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We propose the use of a power pulse shape of the widely known optical soliton, corresponding to the hyperbolic secant square function, for both conventional atmospheric optical communication systems and, especially, for new full-optical wireless communications. We analyze the performance of the proposed pulse in terms of peak-to-average optical power ratio (PAOPR) and bit error rate (BER). During the analysis, we compare the proposed pulse shape against conventional rectangular and Gaussian pulse shapes with reduced duty cycle. Results show the noticeable superiority of the proposed pulse for atmospheric optical links.OCIS codes: 010. 1300 , 010.1330 , 060.2605 In the last few years, the need for achieving inexpensive high-speed links for atmospheric optical communication (AOC) systems has boosted extensive research in infrared wireless communications [1−4] . Some of the advantages of AOC systems include ease of deployment, lack of licensing requirements, secure high data rate, and cost-effective wide bandwidth communications. However wireless optical links are affected by fluctuations in both the intensity and the phase of optical waves propagating through this medium [2] due to time varying inhomogeneities in the refractive index of the atmosphere. Current AOC systems have developed different techniques to mitigate atmospheric induced effects as, for instance, the inclusion of adaptive optics, the use of large receive apertures, diversity combining schemes, or efficient transmission techniques [3] . Following this last strategy, research on free-space optical systems focuses on developing robust techniques, both in transmission and in reception. Particularly, the transmitted pulse shape can be adjusted to the channel conditions, keeping the average optical power transmitted at a constant level as a basic design criterion, due to strict ocular safety international regulations. Based on this idea, the authors proposed transmission schemes with Gaussian pulse shapes with reduced duty cycle to improve the performance of traditional schemes based on rectangular pulses [5,6] . In this letter, we propose the use of an optical pulse based on the power pulse shape of the optical soliton [7] for AOC systems. Thus, optical soliton pulse shapes are employed to replace conventional rectangular and Gaussian pulses in wireless optical links, as briefly introduced in Ref. [6]. To show the superiority of the proposed pulse, we analyze the performance of rectangular, Gaussian and solitonic pulses shapes in terms of the peak-to-average optical power ratio (PAOPR) and bit error rate (BER). Note that the PAOPR is a favorable characteristic in intensity-modulation and direct-detection (IM/DD) infrared links that has been analytically corroborated in this letter, due to the inherent features of an IM and the average power constraints previously mentioned [5,6] . The better behavior of soliton pulses versus Gaussian and rectangular pulses in terms of BER as a direct consequence of having a higher PAOPR justifies its use in wireless ...

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Mathematical model for the irradiance probability density function of a laser beam propagating through turbulent media

Cited by 1,035 publications

References 24 publications

Coherent optical binary polarisation shift keying heterodyne system in the free-space optical turbulence channel

Coherent optical binary polarisation shift keying heterodyne system in the free-space optical turbulence channel

BER Analysis of Coherent Free Space Optical Systems with BPSK over Gamma-Gamma Channels

Advantages of solitonic shape pulses for full-optical wireless communication links

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