“…Therefore, the fusion of anti-counterfeiting graphics with QR codes is gaining increasing attention. At present, the fusion can be summarized as physical unclonable function (PUF) [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ], watermark [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ], copy detection pattern (CDP) [ 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ], and halftone [ 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 ]. Although the above methods can achieve certain anti-counterfeiting effects, there are still some aspects that can be improved.…”