Mathematical Model of Skin Exposed to Thermal Radiation

Abstract

SUMIARYPrediction of dermal injury resulting from exposure to thermal energy of any given intensity and duration depends entirely upon the resultant skin temperature-time history. Means are now available for assessing heat transfer by low temperature radiation, convection and conduction to the bare skin and through thin protective coverings of known physical properties.However, thermal effects of nuclear detonations constitute a special problem because much of the radiation lies in the visible range where the optical properties of the skin and its coverings, if any, greatly influence the heating pattern. Blackening of the skin eliminates e:fects due to its optical properties but enhances the ever-present variations in the thermal "constants" of the skin. The present report describes the utilization of a mathematical equation and computer techniques for extracting these variations from empirical data obtained at relatively low levels of radiation (<0.5 Cal /cm 2 sec ), and applying extrapolations of these values in calculations of temperature-time histories at higher levels of irradiance where empirical data are lacking. This procedure is subject to validation by experimentation within a limited range of exposures.If validation is achieved in the blackened skin then the entire system may be utilized in the determination of optical properties of unblackened skin.Sii

Surrogate Human Tissue Temperatures Resulting From Misalignment of Antenna and Implant During Recharging of a Neuromodulation Device

“…The values of EA and A are specific to each tissue layer. Values for skin were used for the evaluation of the integral, E A = 2.20*10 124 s -1 and A = 7.84*10 5 J/mole (22). The computed timewise temperatures for recharging at a 1.5 cm offset were entered into the integrand, and the integration was performed numerically.…”

Development of a multi‐layered skin simulant for burn injury evaluation of protective fabrics exposed to low radiant heat

“…KEYWORDS burn injury, PDMS, protective clothing evaluation, skin heat transfer, skin simulant 1 | INTRODUCTION Human skin gets burn damage during radiant heat exposure due to accumulated energy. 1 To study skin temperature changes and assess burn injury degree, three types of measuring methods have been used:…”

Treatment of cutaneous vascular lesions using multiple‐intermittent cryogen spurts and two‐wavelength laser pulses: Numerical and animal studies

“…where C n is the remaining concentration of native tissue at exposure time t, s is the total procedure time, and R is the universal gas constant (8.314 J/(mole Á K)). We use values A ¼ 1.8Â10 51 second À1 and DE ¼ 327,000 J/mole for bulk skin [25], and A ¼ 7.6Â10 66 second À1 and DE ¼ 455,000 J/ mole for blood [26]. Calculations of O are maintained for a period of time after laser irradiation until thermal damage accumulation has ceased.…”