Mathematical Modeling of a Plasmonic Palladium-Based Hydrogen Sensor

Teutsch, Tanja; Strohfeldt, Nikolai; Sterl, Florian; Warsewa, Alexander; Herkert, Ediz; Paone, Domenico; Gießen, Harald; Tarín, Cristina

doi:10.1109/jsen.2017.2786939

Cited by 10 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…In a real-world application, it is possible to compensate for temperature deviations using appropriate algorithms in combination with the known temperature-dependent behavior. 29 The gas inlet is connected to a bottle-fed gas mixing system consisting of multiple Bronkhorst mass flow controllers that can regulate the gas flow rate from 2 to 100% of their maximum flow rate at an accuracy of 0.01% as well as a humidifier. The total gas flow rate was kept constant at 1 standard l/min (slm) during each measurement to ensure a constant pressure inside the gas cell.…”

Section: ■ Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It should be noted that this precisely tempered and highly stable temperature is only necessary for a full characterization of the sensor. In a real-world application, it is possible to compensate for temperature deviations using appropriate algorithms in combination with the known temperature-dependent behavior …”

Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is even more important in real applications as it is often not feasible to wait until a complete saturation is reached. A more sophisticated model for a hydrogen sensor presented by Teutsch et al proves that it is possible to estimate the gas concentration accurately from the first few seconds of an exposure . Please note that we only consider the CO 2 absorption process in our model as equilibrium is always reached within the recorded desorption period (see Figure b), making it unnecessary to extrapolate the time series after decreasing the CO 2 concentration to zero.…”

Section: Sensing Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The reaction of hydrogen with palladium leads to a change in the dielectric function of the palladium and therefore to a shift of the plasmonic resonance, which was shown to work as a sensor. , To extend this perfect absorber-based gas detection scheme to other substances, alternative materials that react reversibly with these other substances are necessary.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Optical Carbon Dioxide Detection in the Visible Down to the Single Digit ppm Range Using Plasmonic Perfect Absorbers

et al. 2020

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To tackle climate change and reduce CO2 emissions, it is important to measure CO2 output precisely. Even though there are many different techniques, no simple and cheap optical method in the visible is available. This work studies plasmonically enhanced optical carbon dioxide sensors in the visible wavelength range. The sensor samples are based on an inert plasmonic perfect absorber, which can be easily and cheaply fabricated by colloidal etching lithography. A CO2-sensitive polyethylenimine (PEI) layer is then spin-coated on top to complete the samples. The samples are examined continuously by microspectroscopy during different CO2 exposures to track spectral changes, particularly the position of the resonance centroid wavelength. The samples exhibit a resonance shift of up to 7 nm, depending on the CO2 concentration and the temperature. The temperature influences the rise time as well as the sensitive concentration range. The concentration dependence of the resonance shift overall follows the shape of a Langmuir isotherm, which includes a nearly linear relation at lower concentrations and elevated temperatures and a saturating behavior at higher concentrations and lower temperatures. The results indicate that a sensitivity in the full range from 100 vol % to below 1 ppm can be achieved. The samples degenerate in a dry inert atmosphere in a matter of days but are useable over multiple weeks when exposed to humidity and CO2. The PEI reacts very selectively to CO2, showing no response to CO, NH3, NO2, CH4, H2, and only a very small response to O2. Overall, polyethylenimine is very promising as a CO2-sensitive material for many practical sensing applications over a wide range of concentrations. An adjustment of the temperature is mandatory to control the sensitivity and response time.

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Section: ■ Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sensing Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optical Carbon Dioxide Detection in the Visible Down to the Single Digit ppm Range Using Plasmonic Perfect Absorbers

et al. 2020

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“…However, due to the characteristics of hydrogen sensor's gas-sensitive material, it is easy to be affected by external interference and its own fault in the long-term monitoring process, leading to a decrease in the accuracy and reliability of the measurement [7]. In the process of concentration monitoring, it is urgent to realize the working state and performance monitoring of hydrogen sensor.…”

Section: The Rapid and Quantitative Hydrogen Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Fault Diagnosis and Reconfiguration Strategy for Self-Validating Hydrogen Sensor Array Based on MWPCA and ELM

Song

Chen

et al. 2019

IEEE Access

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The flammable and explosive property of hydrogen is the main danger in its safe use, storage and transportation. In this paper, a novel hydrogen monitoring system is designed based on the principle of semiconductor, catalytic combustion and heat-conducting gas sensors. Also, the gas sensor will inevitably fail due to the nature of gas sensitive materials in the long-time monitoring process. To ensure the accuracy and reliability of hydrogen concentration measurement, a novel fault diagnosis and reconfiguration strategy for hydrogen sensor array based on moving window principle component analysis and extreme learning machine (MWPCA-ELM) is proposed. Firstly, online multiple faults detection is carried out by using MWPCA. Once one or multiple faults are detected, the measured values of other fault-free sensors will be used to recover the faulty data in real-time by using ELM predictor according to the relevancy among the hydrogen sensors. Secondly, the hydrogen concentration is reconfigured seamlessly and accurately based on ELM under the condition of small calibration data sample. Finally, fault diagnosis is conducted by MWPCA feature extraction coupled with ELM multi-classifier. In order to illustrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed fault diagnosis and reconfiguration strategy, a hydrogen concentration monitoring experimental system was established. The average relative error (ARE) of hydrogen concentration estimation is declined from 1.18% to 0.82% compared with the traditional regression methods. Particularly, the proposed fault reconfiguration model can recover the fault data even if the concentration is changed, and the accuracy of fault diagnosis is 100% within 250 samples. INDEX TERMS Fault diagnosis, reconfiguration, hydrogen sensor, extreme learning machine, moving windows principle component analysis.

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Plasmonic Hydrogen Sensors

Sun

Zhao

2022

Small

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Hydrogen is regarded as the ultimate fuel and energy carrier with a high theoretical energy density and universality of sourcing. However, hydrogen is easy to leak and has a wide flammability range in air. For safely handling hydrogen, robust sensors are in high demand. Plasmonic hydrogen sensors (PHS) are attracting growing interest due to the advantages of high sensitivity, fast response speed, miniaturization, and high‐degree of integration, etc. In this review, the mechanism and recent development (mainly after the year 2015) of hydrogen sensors based on plasmonic nanostructures are presented. The working principle of PHS is introduced. The sensing properties and the effects of resonance mode, configuration, material, and structure of the plasmonic nanostructures on the sensing performances are discussed. The merit and demerit of different types of plasmonic nanostructures are summarized and potential development directions are proposed. The aim of this review is not only to clarify the current strategies for PHS, but also to give a comprehensive understanding of the working principle of PHS, which may inspire more ingenious designs and execution of plasmonics for advanced hydrogen sensors.

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Mathematical Modeling of a Plasmonic Palladium-Based Hydrogen Sensor

Cited by 10 publications

References 31 publications

Optical Carbon Dioxide Detection in the Visible Down to the Single Digit ppm Range Using Plasmonic Perfect Absorbers

Optical Carbon Dioxide Detection in the Visible Down to the Single Digit ppm Range Using Plasmonic Perfect Absorbers

A Fault Diagnosis and Reconfiguration Strategy for Self-Validating Hydrogen Sensor Array Based on MWPCA and ELM

Plasmonic Hydrogen Sensors

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