Mathematical modeling of hybrid renewable energy system: A review on small hydro-solar-wind power generation

Abstract

Harnessing energy from alternative energy source has been recorded since early history. Renewable energy is abundantly found anywhere, free of cost and has non-polluting characteristics. However, these energy sources are based on the weather condition and possess inherited intermittent nature, which hinders stable power supply. Combining multiple renewable energy resources can be a possible solution to overcome defects, which not only provides reliable power but also leads to reduction in required storage capacity. Although an oversized hybrid system satisfies the load demand, it can be unnecessarily expensive. An undersized hybrid system is economical, but may not be able to meet the load demand. The optimal sizing of the renewable energy power system depends on the mathematical model of system components. This paper summarizes the mathematical modeling of various renewable energy system particularly PV, wind, hydro and storage devices. Because of the nonlinear power characteristics, wind and PV system require special techniques to extract maximum power. Hybrid system has complex control system due to integration of two (or more) different power sources. The complexity of system increases with maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniques employed in their subsystems. This paper also summarizes mathematical modeling of various MPPT techniques for hybrid renewable energy systems.

Modeling and Control of Micro-grid Powered by Solar and Wind Energies

“…The Incremental Conductance Method is an alternative to the Perturb and Observe method where, the Photovoltaic terminal voltage is adjusted according to the MPP voltage by determining ( and ), [30]- [31], using (16) and (17).…”

“…Perturb and Observe is the most commonly used MPPT method seen that is easy to implement and has a high efficiency [17], [30]. The objective is to maximize the power, to increase the maximum voltage without lowering the current.…”

Development of mathematical models and the calculations of elements of convective heat transfer systems

“…Increase in the efficiency of hybrid systems that simultaneously use different renewable energy sources [3] can also be achieved by the mathematical modeling methods, which allow making the most optimal selection of the system by its performance, controlling the amount of available energy from each source of renewable energy and the amount of energy used from each source. Design of the systems for thermal energy storage that use a hidden heat of phase transitions [4], without the use of methods of mathematical modeling, is a very labor-intensive and time-consuming process, especially when choosing material for a thermal accumulator.…”

“…t 2 is the temperature of the heat carrier at the output of the mixer; t 1 , t 3 is the temperature of heat carriers before mixing; G 1 ·c 1 is the heat capacity of a heat carrier flow at the temperature t 1 ; G 3 ·c 3 is the heat capacity of a heat carrier flow at the temperature t 3 .…”

A Review on Design and Development of high Reliable Hybrid Energy Systems with Droop Control Techniques

“…In order to provide continue power supply integrate two or more resources and provide storage system. Integrated system of two or more renewable energy systems, also known as Hybrid Renewable Energy System (HRES) [4], is gaining popularity because the sources can complement each other to provide higher quality and more reliable power to customer than single source System. A HRES can be standalone or grid connected.…”