Mathematical modeling of multiphase seepage under near-critical conditions

An experimental and modeling study on the penetration of spilled oil into thawing frozen soil

“…45 Consequently, some methods based on multiphase seepage were also developed. 10,46–48 However, in this experiment, the main focus is about the frozen and thawing process which is suitable and convenient to use this model owing to the solid ice under freezing condition and the features of changing temperature, viscosity, porosity, and hydraulic conductivity easily. Therefore, when oil spill incidents happen, according to the local soil parameters like hydraulic conductivity and water content, and oil characteristics like density and viscosity as well as temperature, the penetration process and depth of spilled oil could be simulated using this modified Green-Ampt model with the spilled time.…”