“…Due to the diverse nature of fruits and vegetables, it is very important to characterize the material as to whether it is elastic, plastic, viscoelastic, elastoplastic or something else. Existing research has been conducted based on some simplistic assumptions regarding the behavior of fruits and vegetables, including that it behaves like elastic (that is, a rubberlike material) (Dhall & Datta, ; Gulati & Datta, ; Gulati, Zhu, & Datta, ), elastoplastic (Akiyama & Hayakawa, ; Curcio & Aversa, ; Izumi & Hayakawa, ; Tsukada et al., ; Yang et al., ), and viscoelastic (Itaya et al., ; Llave et al., ; Lu et al., ; Perré & May, ; Sakai et al., ;). However, the heterogeneous structure of different fruits and vegetables makes its actual behavior complex, and therefore, without material characterization, categorization of the material behavior may not be justified.…”