Mathematical Modelling of Glyphosate Molecularly Imprinted Polymer-Based Microsensor with Multiple Phenomena

Abstract

The massive and careless use of glyphosate (GLY) in agricultural production raises many questions regarding environmental pollution and health risks, it is then important to develop simple methods to detect it. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is an effective analytical tool for characterizing properties at the electrode/electrolyte interface. It is useful as an analytical procedure, but it can also help in the interpretation of the involved fundamental electrochemical and electronic processes. In this study, the impedance data obtained experimentally for a microsensor based on molecularly imprinted chitosan graft on 4-aminophenylacetic acid for the detection of glyphosate was analyzed using an exact mathematical model based on physical theories. The procedure for modeling experimental responses is well explained. The analysis of the observed impedance response leads to estimations of the microscopic parameters linked to the faradic and capacitive current. The interaction of glyphosate molecules with the imprinted sites of the CS-MIPs film is observed in the high frequency range. The relative variation of the charge transfer resistance is proportional to the log of the concentration of glyphosate. The capacitance decreases as the concentration of glyphosate increases, which is explained by the discharging of the charged imprinted sites when the glyphosate molecule interacts with the imprinted sites through electrostatic interactions. The phenomenon of adsorption of the ions in the CMA film is observed in the low frequency range, this phenomenon being balanced by the electrostatic interaction of glyphosate with the imprinted sites in the CS-MIPs film.

Biosensing Applications of Molecularly Imprinted-Polymer-Based Nanomaterials

“…The subsequent initiation of polymerization, whether induced through photo-and/or thermal-initiation, coupled with electropolymerization, further refines the composition. A critical juncture in this methodology is the removal of the template, an indispensable step that unveils specific cavities, paving the way for subsequent recognition sites in various applications [21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. This innovative approach represents a paradigm shift, holding immense promise for advancing the capabilities of sensors and broadening their applications in diverse fields.…”

Prospective Analytical Role of Sensors for Environmental Screening and Monitoring

“…Transfer resistance of charges is directly proportional to logarithmic concentration regarding GLY. There is a decrease in capacitance with the increase in GLY concentration that clarified by discharging of charged sites on electrostatic interaction of GLY with sites [104].…”