“…Research has shown strong connections between students' writing abilities and their capacity to learn in general (US National Institute for Literacy, 2007), to learn new mathematics content Meel, 1999), to improve mathematics problem-solving skills (Bicer et al, 2013;Pugalee, 2004), and to augment processes related to cognition (Flower, Schriver, Carey, Haas, & Hayes, 1992). Gadanidis, Hughes, and Cordy (2011) found that students in middle school, who are gifted, successfully used multiple modes of communication, including drawing, writing, and an online discussion forum to learn mathematics.…”