In 1987, Keratinomyces ceretanicus was reduced to synonymy with Trichophyton ajelloi based on mating between the putative ex-type culture, ATCC 58594, and minus mating strains of Arthroderma uncinatum. Although we confirm that ATCC 58594 produces fertile ascomata when mated with A. uncinatum, we demonstrate that this strain is not representative of the type of K. ceretanicus and conclude that K. ceretanicus should be maintained as a separate taxon.On the basis of one living strain and another collection from Spanish soils, Punsola & Guarro [6] described Keratinomyces ceretanicus characterized by its slow growth rate, optimum growth temperature less than 20°C, sensitivity to cycloheximide, predominantly ll-14-celled, narrowly fusiform to pencil-shaped macroconidia, and absence of microconidia. Padhye et al. [5] placed K. ceretanicus in synonymy with Trichophyton ajelloi based on the production of fertile ascomata when ATCC 58594, a strain purportedly derived from the type of K. ceretanicus, was mated with (-) mating type strains of Arthroderma uncinatum. Padhye et al. reported that ATCC 58594 produced smooth, thick-walled cylindro-fusiform 7-12-celled macroconidia, moderate numbers of microconidia, and grew optimally at 25°C rather than 17°C. These characteristics differed significantly from those reported in the original description of K. ceretanicus and with our observations of another strain, also derived from the holotype, which had been deposited in 1986 in the University of Alberta Microfungus Collection and Herbarium as UAMH 5384. Since two additional strains of K. ceretanicus were available, we conducted a comparative study of colonial and microscopic morphology, optimum growth temperatures and mating reactions between these isolates, ATCC 58594, and four strains of A. uncinatum studied by Padhye et al.The isolates examined included: K. ceretanicus (FFBA 328, holotype consisting of dried culture deposited at the Faculty of Medicine, Reus (=IMI 311889); UAMH 5384, ex-type culture, soil, Spain, J. Cuarro; UAMH 6412 and 6414, soil, Chile, J. Cano). 'K. ceretanicus' (CDC B-4562 derived from ATCC 58594, presumptive ex-type culture,