Mating Disruption ofPandemisspp. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

Concentration of air‐borne pheromone required for long‐lasting peripheral adaptation in the obliquebanded leafroller, Choristoneura rosaceana

“…Currently, hand‐applied rope dispensers at c. one per tree are the dominant method of dispensing pheromone for mating disruption of moth pests in orchards (Nagata, 1989; Agnello et al ., 1996; Knight et al ., 1998; Knight & Turner, 1999). The release rate for ropes marketed for leafroller moths averages c. 11 ng s −1 (Knight et al ., 1998; Knight & Turner, 1999).…”

“…Currently, hand‐applied rope dispensers at c. one per tree are the dominant method of dispensing pheromone for mating disruption of moth pests in orchards (Nagata, 1989; Agnello et al ., 1996; Knight et al ., 1998; Knight & Turner, 1999). The release rate for ropes marketed for leafroller moths averages c. 11 ng s −1 (Knight et al ., 1998; Knight & Turner, 1999). Moths within the treated crop can be exposed to various pheromone concentrations: a ‘cloud’ of pheromone resulting from a coalescence of plumes emanating from the many dispensers; a localized plume down‐wind of a nearby dispenser; or, at the highest level, a moth could be attracted onto a dispenser.…”

Survey of conspecific herbivore‐induced volatiles from apple as possible attractants for Pandemis pyrusana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

“…These species are often bivoltine, and overwintering larvae in the fall–spring and summer generations feed on the skin of developing fruits adjacent to leaves and thereby create cull fruits . Insecticides are most often used to manage these pests, but the use of sex pheromones for mating disruption has been developed and is implemented on a relatively small acreage in North America . Sex‐pheromone‐baited traps are used to monitor adult populations to assess both density and phenology, but pest managers feel they are insensitive to local population densities within orchards .…”

Fitness consequences of delayed mating on reproductive performance of Chilo partellus (Swinhoe)

“…Earlier studies have also reported that delayed mating results in substantial reduction in the reproductive potential of Epiphyas postvittana (Foster & Ayers, ), Argyrotaenia citrana (Fernard) (Knight, ), Cydia pomonella (L.; Karalius, & Buddha, ; Vickers, ), Pandemis spp. (Knight & Turner, ), and Cnephasia jactatana Walker (Jiménez‐Pérez & Wang, ). Further, the present study found that the increasing age of C. partellus females at the time of mating greatly reduces the fecundity and hatchability of eggs.…”

“…Earlier studies have also reported that delayed mating results in substantial reduction in the reproductive potential of Epiphyas postvittana (Foster & Ayers, 1996), Argyrotaenia citrana (Fernard) (Knight, 1997), Cydia pomonella (L.; Karalius, & Buddha, 1995;Vickers, 1997), Pandemis spp. (Knight & Turner, 1999),…”