Mating System of the Anther Smut Fungus
            <i>Microbotryum violaceum</i>
            : Selfing under Heterothallism

Giraud, Tatiana; Yockteng, Roxana; López‐Villavicencio, Manuela; Refrégier, Guislaine; Hood, Michael E.

doi:10.1128/ec.00440-07

Cited by 135 publications

(186 citation statements)

References 111 publications

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“…The order of supercontigs from top to bottom of this figure is listed in Table S1 (ranked by supercontig size-the largest on top). nonidentical mate is difficult (Giraud et al 2008). Bipolarity is associated to selfing in some fungi, particularly those with a parasitic lifestyle (Fraser et al 2004;Whittle et al 2011b;Laurie et al 2013;Nieuwenhuis et al 2013).…”

Section: The Causes Of Sr Formation and Expansionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent and Massive Expansion of the Mating-Type-Specific Region in the Smut Fungus Microbotryum

Whittle¹,

Votintseva

Ridout

et al. 2015

Genetics

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The presence of large genomic regions with suppressed recombination (SR) is a key shared property of some sex-and mating-type determining (mat) chromosomes identified to date in animals, plants, and fungi. Why such regions form and how they evolve remain central questions in evolutionary genetics. The smut fungus Microbotryum lychnis-dioicae is a basidiomycete fungus in which dimorphic mat chromosomes have been reported, but the size, age, and evolutionary dynamics of the SR region remains unresolved. To identify the SR region in M. lychnis-dioicae and to study its evolution, we sequenced 12 genomes (6 per mating type) of this species and identified the genomic contigs that show fixed sequence differences between the mating types. We report that the SR region spans more than half of the mat chromosome (.2.3 Mbp) and that it is of very recent origin (2 3 10 6 years) as the average sequence divergence between mating types was only 2% in the SR region. This contrasts with a much higher divergence in and around the mating-type determining pheromone receptor locus in the SR, suggesting a recent and massive expansion of the SR region. Our results comprise the first reported case of recent massive SR expansion documented in a basidiomycete fungus.

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Section: The Causes Of Sr Formation and Expansionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent and Massive Expansion of the Mating-Type-Specific Region in the Smut Fungus Microbotryum

Whittle¹,

Votintseva

Ridout

et al. 2015

Genetics

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“…First, several observations of selfing were reported in America and in Europe . Selfing, or better described for C. parasitica as intra-haploid mating (Giraud et al, 2008), occurs in the strains in which both mating types are detected, producing progenies with no segregation for the genetic markers analysed except for the two mating types (McGuire et al, 2004). Thus, multiplication of identical haploid genotypes can be the result of asexual as well as sexual reproduction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple introductions of divergent genetic lineages in an invasive fungal pathogen, Cryphonectria parasitica, in France

et al. 2009

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“…The life cycle of M. violaceum has been reviewed recently (Giraud et al, 2008). Dispersal of the fungus occurs via teliospores that form in the anthers of infected plants and are spread by pollinators.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA polymorphism in recombining and non-recombing mating-type-specific loci of the smut fungus Microbotryum

Votintseva

Filatov

2010

Heredity

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The population-genetic processes leading to the genetic degeneration of non-recombining regions have mainly been studied in animal and plant sex chromosomes. Here, we report population genetic analysis of the processes in the non-recombining mating-type-specific regions of the smut fungus Microbotryum violaceum. M. violaceum has A1 and A2 mating types, determined by mating-type-specific 'sex chromosomes' that contain 1-2 Mb long non-recombining regions. If genetic degeneration were occurring, then one would expect reduced DNA polymorphism in the non-recombining regions of this fungus. The analysis of DNA diversity among 19 M. violaceum strains, collected across Europe from Silene latifolia flowers, revealed that (i) DNA polymorphism is relatively low in all 20 studied loci (pB0.15%), (ii) it is not significantly different between the two mating-type-specific chromosomes nor between the non-recombining and recombining regions, (iii) there is substantial population structure in M. violaceum populations, which resembles that of its host species, S. latifolia, and (iv) there is significant linkage disequilibrium, suggesting that widespread selfing in this species results in a reduction of the effective recombination rate across the genome. We hypothesise that selfing-related reduction of recombination across the M. violaceum genome negates the difference in the level of DNA polymorphism between the recombining and non-recombining regions, and may possibly lead to similar levels of genetic degeneration in the mating-type-specific regions of the non-recombining 'sex chromosomes' and elsewhere in the genome.

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Mating System of the Anther Smut Fungus Microbotryum violaceum : Selfing under Heterothallism

Cited by 135 publications

References 111 publications

Recent and Massive Expansion of the Mating-Type-Specific Region in the Smut Fungus Microbotryum

Recent and Massive Expansion of the Mating-Type-Specific Region in the Smut Fungus Microbotryum

Multiple introductions of divergent genetic lineages in an invasive fungal pathogen, Cryphonectria parasitica, in France

DNA polymorphism in recombining and non-recombing mating-type-specific loci of the smut fungus Microbotryum

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