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TRAPPIST-1 is a late M-dwarf orbited by seven Earth-sized planets with orbital period ratios near a chain of mean motion resonances. Due to uncertain system parameters, most orbital configurations drawn from the inferred posterior distribution are unstable on short timescales of ∼ 0.5 Myr, even when including the eccentricity damping effect of tides. By contrast, we show that most physically plausible resonant configurations generated through disk migration are stable even without tidal dissipation on timescales of at least 50 Myr (10 10 orbits), an increase of at least two orders of magnitude. This result, together with the remarkable chain of period ratios in the system, provide strong evidence for convergent migration naturally emplacing the system near an equilibrium configuration forced by the resonant chain. We provide an openly available database of physically plausible initial conditions for TRAPPIST-1 generated through parametrized planet-disk interactions, as well as bit-by-bit reproducible N-body integrations over 10 9 − 10 10 orbits.

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“…Software: Jupyter (Kluyver et al 2016), iPython (Pérez & Granger 2007), matplotlib (Hunter 2007;Droettboom et al 2016).…”

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confidence: 99%

Convergent Migration Renders TRAPPIST-1 Long-lived

Tamayo

Rein

Petrovich

et al. 2017

ApJL

129

118

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“…This research has been supported by the NSERC Discovery Grant RGPIN-2014-04553 and the Centre for Planetary Sciences at the University of Toronto Scarborough. This research was made possible by the open-source projects Jupyter (Kluyver et al 2016), iPython (Pérez & Granger 2007), and matplotlib (Hunter 2007;Droettboom et al 2016).…”

Section: Acknowledgmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

REBOUNDx: a library for adding conservative and dissipative forces to otherwise symplectic N-body integrations

Tamayo

Rein

Shi

et al. 2019

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

179

129

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Symplectic methods, in particular the Wisdom-Holman map, have revolutionized our ability to model the long-term, conservative dynamics of planetary systems. However, many astrophysically important effects are dissipative. The consequences of incorporating such forces into otherwise symplectic schemes is not always clear. We show that moving to a general framework of non-commutative operators (dissipative or not) clarifies many of these questions, and that several important properties of symplectic schemes carry over to the general case. In particular, we show that explicit splitting schemes generically exploit symmetries in the applied external forces which often strongly suppress integration errors. Furthermore, we demonstrate that so-called 'symplectic correctors' (which reduce energy errors by orders of magnitude at fixed computational cost) apply equally well to weakly dissipative systems and can thus be more generally thought of as 'weak splitting correctors.' Finally, we show that previously advocated approaches of incorporating additional forces into symplectic methods work well for dissipative forces, but give qualitatively wrong answers for conservative but velocity-dependent forces like post-Newtonian corrections. We release REBOUNDx, an opensource C library for incorporating additional effects into REBOUND N-body integrations, together with a convenient PYTHON wrapper. All effects are machine-independent and we provide a binary format that interfaces with the SimulationArchive class in REBOUND to enable the sharing and reproducibility of results. Users can add effects from a list of pre-implemented astrophysical forces, or contribute new ones.

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“…Support for this work was provided by NASA through the NASA Hubble Fellowship grant HST-HF2-51423.001-A awarded by the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., for NASA, under contract NAS5-26555. This research was made possible by the open-source projects Jupyter (Kluyver et al 2016), iPython (Pérez & Granger 2007), and matplotlib (Hunter 2007;Droettboom et al 2016).…”

Section: Acknowledgementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct imaging of irregular satellite discs in scattered light

Nassif-Lachapelle

Tamayo

2020

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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Direct imaging surveys have found that long-period super-Jupiters are rare. By contrast, recent modeling of the widespread gaps in protoplanetary disks revealed by ALMA suggests an abundant population of smaller Neptune to Jupiter-mass planets at large separations. The thermal emission from such lower-mass planets is negligible at optical and near-infrared wavelengths, leaving only their weak signals in reflected light. Planets do not scatter enough light at these large orbital distances, but there is a natural way to enhance their reflecting area. Each of the four giant planets in our solar system hosts swarms of dozens of irregular satellites, gravitationally captured planetesimals that fill their host planets' spheres of gravitational influence. What we see of them today are the leftovers of an intense collisional evolution. At early times, they would have generated bright circumplanetary debris disks. We investigate the properties and detectability of such irregular satellite disks (ISDs) following models for their collisional evolution from Kennedy & Wyatt (2011). We find that ISD brightnesses peak in the 10 − 100 AU range probed by ALMA, and can render planets detectable over a wide range of parameters with upcoming high-contrast instrumentation. We argue that future instruments with wide fields of view could simultaneously characterize the atmospheres of known close-in planets, and reveal the population of long-period ∼ Neptune-Jupiter mass exoplanets inaccessible to other detection methods. This provides a complementary and compelling science case that would elucidate the early lives of planetary systems.

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Matplotlib: Matplotlib V1.5.1

Cited by 30 publications

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Convergent Migration Renders TRAPPIST-1 Long-lived

Convergent Migration Renders TRAPPIST-1 Long-lived

REBOUNDx: a library for adding conservative and dissipative forces to otherwise symplectic N-body integrations

Direct imaging of irregular satellite discs in scattered light

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