Matrix-isolation spectroscopy of germanium molecules

Electronenergyloss spectroscopy of condensed butadiene and cyclopentadiene: Vibrationally resolved excitation of the lowlying triplet states J. Chem. Phys. 98, 8397 (1993); 10.1063/1.464498Study of the lowlying electronic states of Si2 and Si− 2 using negative ion photodetachment techniques A study of the lowlying electronic states of Fe2 and Co2 by negative ion photoelectron spectroscopyThe low-lying states of Ge 2 and Ge 2Ϫ are probed using negative ion zero electron kinetic energy ͑ZEKE͒ spectroscopy. The ZEKE spectrum of Ge 2Ϫ yields an electron affinity of 2.035Ϯ0.001 eV for Ge 2 , as well as term energies and vibrational frequencies for the low-lying states of Ge 2Ϫ and Ge 2 . Specifically, we observe transitions originating from the anion 2 ⌸ u ͑3/2͒ ground state and 3 ⌺ g ϩ excited state ͑T e ϭ279Ϯ10 cm Ϫ1 ͒ to several triplet and singlet states of Ge 2 . Term values and vibrational frequencies are determined for the Ge 2 3 ⌺ g ϩ ground state, the low-lying 3 ⌸ u excited state ͑T e ϭ337 cm Ϫ1 for the 2 u spin-orbit component͒, and the somewhat higher lying 1 ⌬ g , 3 ⌺ g ϩ , and 1 ⌸ u states. We also determine the zero-field splitting for the X0 g ϩ and 1 g components of the 3 ⌺ g ϩ state and the splittings between the 2 u , 1 u , and 0 u Ϯ spin-orbit components of the 3 ⌸ u state. Detailed comparisons are made with Si 2 and Si 2Ϫ .

Section: A Triplet Bandmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of the low-lying states of Ge2 and Ge−2 using negative ion zero electron kinetic energy spectroscopy

Arnold

Burton

et al. 1995

“…21 These authors have obtained the earliest anion detachment spectra of massselected Ge n Ϫ (nϭ3 -12) clusters. Froben and Schulze 15 have obtained the Raman and fluorescence spectra of Ge n (nϭ2 -4) for cryogenic matrix-isolated clusters. Weltner and co-workers 11 have employed a matrix-isolation technique to study small clusters of Si and Ge.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geometries and spectroscopic properties of germanium and tin hexamers (Ge6, Ge6+, Ge6−, Sn6, Sn6+, and Sn6−)

Zhao

Balasubramanian

2001

Spectroscopic properties of novel aromatic metal clusters: NaM 4 ( M = Al,Ga,In ) and their cations and anionsGround and excited electronic states of neutral, cationic and anionic germanium and tin hexamers ͑Ge 6 and Sn 6 ͒ are investigated. Different geometries such as tetragonal bipyramid (D 4h ,D 2h ) and edge-caped trigonal bipyramid (C 2v ) ͑ECTBP͒ were studied. We have employed a number of high level electron correlation techniques such as large scale multireference singlesϩdoubles configuration interaction ͑MRSDCI͒ computations that included up to 16 million configurations, complete active-space multiconfiguration self-consistent filed ͑CAS-MCSCF͒, and Møller-Plesset ͑MP2͒ techniques to investigate the low-lying electronic states, their geometries and energy separations. A 1 A 1g tetragonal bipyramid structure ͑D 4h symmetry͒ is found as the ground state for both Ge 6 and Sn 6 , in accord with the previously suggested experimental assignments. The excitation energies, atomization energies, ionization potentials and vertical and adiabatic electron affinities are computed and compared with the experimental results. Our computations of the excited states of these species have facilitated assignment of the anion photodetachment spectra of the anions of these clusters and comparison with the photoionization spectra of the neutral species.

“…Compared to the wealth of spectroscopic data for carbon 12 and silicon clusters, there is very little known about the spectroscopy of germanium clusters. Froben and Schulze 13 measured Raman and fluorescence spectra from Ge molecules deposited onto a cryogenic matrix and assigned various vibrational frequencies to Ge 2 , Ge 3 , and Ge 4 , but the absence of mass separation makes these assignments problematic. The anion photoelectron spectroscopy study on Ge n…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photoelectron spectroscopy and zero electron kinetic energy spectroscopy of germanium cluster anions

Burton

Arnold

et al. 1996

166

Anion photoelectron spectra of Ge n Ϫ , nϭ2-15, have been measured using an incident photon energy of 4.66 eV. In addition, the spectra of Ge 2 Ϫ , Ge 3 Ϫ , and Ge 4 Ϫ have been measured at photon energies of 3.49 and 2.98 eV. From these spectra the electron affinity of the corresponding neutral cluster has been determined. Vibrational frequencies and term values for several electronic states of Ge 2 Ϫ and Ge 3 Ϫ have been determined. Vibrational structure in the 3 B 3u excited state of Ge 4 has been resolved using zero electron kinetic energy ͑ZEKE͒ photoelectron spectroscopy. The assignment of the spectra of Ge 3 Ϫ and Ge 4 Ϫ is facilitated by a comparison to the similar spectra of Si 3 Ϫ and Si 4 Ϫ , respectively. The spectra of the larger clusters, Ge n Ϫ , nϭ5-15, are characterized by many broad structureless features which indicate the presence of multiple electronic transitions. Several of these were assigned based on comparison with previous ab initio calculations on germanium and silicon clusters.