Matrix Metalloproteinase-2, -9, and Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 in Patients with Hypertension

Abstract

There are conflicting data in the literature regarding the expression pattern of the vascular matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) system and their inhibitors (TIMPs) in human hypertension. The authors hypothesized that MMP-2, MMP-9, and TIMP-1 would be abnormal in hypertension, reflecting alterations in extracellular matrix (ECM) turnover. The authors measured plasma levels and activities of MMP-2, MMP-9, and TIMP-1 in 44 hypertensive patients and 44 controls. MMP-2 levels and activity were significantly higher in hypertensive group (p < .0001). Significant increase was also observed for MMP-9 level and activity (p < .0001) and for TIMP-1 (p < .0001) in hypertensive patients. Plasma levels and activities of MMP-2, MMP-9, and TIMP-1 are increased in hypertensive patients, which may reflect abnormal ECM metabolism.

Visceral Fat Accumulation is Associated with Oxidative Stress and Increased Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Expression in Atherogenic Factor-overlapped Model Rats

“…Plasma MMP-9 activity is increased in hypertension 40 and in high-fat calorie-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus 41 . In the present study, SHHR-HFDS exhibited a higher MMP-9 expression in WBCs than other rat groups.…”

Different actions of losartan and ramipril on adipose tissue activity and vascular remodeling biomarkers in hypertensive patients

“…In particular, it is not clear whether these different therapeutic approaches could have a direct positive or negative modulating effect on insulin resistance similar to those seen with resistin (r) and visfatin. 13 Therefore, it is not known if RAAS blockade could significantly reduce the serum levels of vascular remodeling biomarkers, which are typically increased in patients at increased risk for cardiovascular disease; [14][15] such markers include matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). In this context, we planned a randomized, double blind clinical trial to evaluate whether an antihypertensive intervention at the proximal or distal levels of the RAAS could have different effects on a broad range of innovative cardiovascular risk biomarkers.…”

Long-term hyperglycaemia impairs vascular smooth muscle cell function in women with type 1 diabetes mellitus

“…Serum MMP-9 levels correlate with arterial stiffness, and higher levels of circulating MMP-9 have been reported in patients with hypertension and DM. [9][10][11] Moreover, recent data suggest that insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I) is of importance for vascular function and associated with atherosclerotic events. Low levels of circulating IGF-I have been found in type 1 diabetes.…”