Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2 ) and-9 (MMP-9) gene variants and microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes patients

Abstract

Vascular complications are the leading cause of increased morbidity and mortality of diabetic patients. It has been postulated that matrix metalloproteinases MMP-2 and MMP-9, zinc-dependent endopeptidases through remodeling of the extracellular matrix, can contribute to the onset and progression of diabetic vascular complications. The aim of our study was to assess whether there is a major difference in single nucleotide polymorphisms in the MMP-2 (at position -1306C˃T) and MMP-9 (at position -1562C˃T) gene in type 2 diabetic patients and healthy controls and to determine whether there is an association of these gene variants with the presence of microvascular complications in diabetic patients. Our study included 102 type 2 diabetes patients and a control group which was comprised of 56 healthy controls. All diabetic patients were screened for microvascular diabetes complications. Genotypes were detected by polymerase chain reactions followed by restriction analyses with specific endonucleases and their frequencies were determined. The MMP-2 variant -1306C>T showed a negative correlation with type 2 diabetes (p=0.028). It was also shown that the presence of the -1306C allele increases the probability of developing type 2 diabetes. This was a 2.2 fold increase and that the -1306 T allele has a protective role in regards to type 2 diabetes. The MMP-2 variant -1306T showed a negative correlation with diabetic polyneuropathy (p=0.017), meaning that allele-1306T has a protective role in regards to diabetic polyneuropathy while the presence of allele -1306C increases the probability of developing diabetic polyneuropathy by 3.4 fold. Our study showed that the MMP-2 gene variant (-1306C) doubles the risk of developing type 2 diabetes, and for the first time an association of this gene variant and the presence of diabetic polyneuropathy was shown.

Slow-velocity eccentric-only resistance training improves symptoms of type 2 diabetic mellitus patients by regulating plasma MMP-2 and -9

“…Type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most common chronic diseases, and to date, the pathogenesis of T2DM is still not well understood, [1] but many scholars believe that skeletal muscle insulin resistance is the cause of the development of T2DM, [2][3][4][5][6] and the main reason is related to the deposition of collagen fibers in the extracellular matrix (ECM) [7] of skeletal muscle due to the inflammatory response caused by a high-fat diet. [3,8,9] Members of the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) family, especially MMP-2 and -9, play a very important role in skeletal muscle ECM homeostasis [10,11] due to their ability to degrade skeletal muscle ECM collagen fibrillar proteins. [12] Many findings believe that the correlation between insulin resistance in skeletal muscle and collagen fiber deposition in ECM is attributable to the dysregulated expression of MMPs.…”