Matrix Metalloproteinase-3 in Myasthenia Gravis Compared to Other Neurological Disorders and Healthy Controls

Luckman, Steven P.; Gilhus, Nils Erik; Romi, Fredrik

doi:10.4061/2011/151258

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Therefore, one possible explanation for the observed imbalance of MMP-3 and -9 might be a counterregulatory decrease of MMP-3 in response to overactivity of MMP-9. Similar dynamics have been described in patients suffering from ischemic stroke [41]. Notably, MMP-3 has been shown to be linked to coagulation [42].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Differential Regulation of Matrix-Metalloproteinases and Their Tissue Inhibitors in Patients with Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

et al. 2013

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BackgroundMatrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) are involved in vascular remodeling, (neuro)inflammation, blood-brain barrier breakdown and neuronal apoptosis. Proinflammatory mechanisms are suggested to play an important role during early brain injury and cerebral vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). This study aimed to analyze MMP-3, MMP-9, TIMP-1 and TIMP-3 in patients with SAH and their respective association with cerebral vasospasm (CVS).MethodsBlood samples were collected in 20 SAH patients on days 1 to 7, 9, 11, 13 and 15 and 20 healthy age and gender matched volunteers. Serum MMPs and TIMPs were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Doppler sonographic CVS was defined as a mean blood flow velocity above 120 cm/sec in the middle cerebral artery. When discharged from hospital and at 6 month follow-up neurological outcome was evaluated using the Glasgow Outcome Score and the modified Rankin Scale.ResultsMMP-9 was higher in SAH patients compared to healthy controls (p<0.001). Patients with CVS (n = 11) had elevated MMP-9 serum levels compared to patients without CVS (n = 9, p<0.05). Higher MMP-9 was observed in the presence of cerebral ischemia associated with cerebral vasospasm (p<0.05). TIMP-1 was increased in patients with SAH on day 4 (p<0.05). There was an imbalance of the MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio in favor of MMP-9 in SAH patients, in particular those with CVS (p<0.001). MMP-3 and TIMP-3 were significantly lower in SAH patients throughout day 4 and day 7, respectively (p<0.05). We did not find an association between MMP-, TIMP levels and neurological outcome after 6 months.ConclusionsMMP-3 and -9 are differentially regulated in SAH patients with both enzymes showing peak levels correlating with the development of CVS. The inhibitors TIMP-1 and -3 were low during the acute phase after SAH and increased later on which might suggest a preponderance of pro-inflammatory mechanisms.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Differential Regulation of Matrix-Metalloproteinases and Their Tissue Inhibitors in Patients with Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

et al. 2013

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“…Any role of MMP-9 in clinical epileptology is still to be established. Serum MMP-3 concentration in epilepsy patients did not differ from that in healthy controls [33] (table 1). …”

Section: Serum Levels Of Mmps In Other Neurological Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The elevated MMP-3 levels did not correlate with the presence of AChR antibodies, age of onset, or thymus pathology. MMP-3 concentration in the MG cohort was higher than in control autoimmune and non-immune neurological disorders [33]. Serum MMP-2 and MMP-9 concentrations were higher for both the GMG and OMG groups compared to healthy controls.…”

Section: Serum Levels Of Mmps In Mgmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This variation may be helpful in detecting disease activation. Stable MS patients have lower mean serum MMP-3 levels than myasthenia gravis (MG) patients and healthy controls [33]. Also, intrathecal MMP-2 production was increased in relapsing-remitting MS patients [34].…”

Section: Serum Levels Of Mmps In Msmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a group of consecutively collected acute stroke patients, none had elevated serum MMP-3 levels [33]. Mean serum MMP-3 concentration in the acute stroke group was reduced compared to healthy controls, and also to disease controls.…”

Section: Serum Levels Of Mmps In Acute Ischemic Strokementioning

confidence: 99%

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Serum Levels of Matrix Metalloproteinases: Implications in Clinical Neurology

Romi

Helgeland²,

Gilhus³

2012

Eur Neurol

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Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are zinc-dependent enzymes involved in remodeling extracellular matrix and cell-matrix interactions. A pathogenic role of MMPs in neurological disorders is likely. This paper focuses on serological clinical aspects only. In multiple sclerosis, higher serum MMP-3 is seen during relapses. Lower serum MMP-8 and -9 levels correlate with fewer contrast-enhanced T₂-weighted MRI lesions, and serum MMP-9 can be used in monitoring treatment. In myasthenia gravis, serum MMP-2, -3, and -9 levels are elevated in both generalized and ocular diseases. A proportion of the patients have markedly increased serum MMP-3. In acute stroke, higher serum MMP-9 correlates with larger infarct volume, stroke severity, and worse functional outcome, and serum MMP-3 is significantly lower than in several other neurological disorders and healthy controls. In amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, serum MMP-2 correlates with disease progression, and both serum MMP-1 and -2 are elevated. In Alzheimer’s disease, serum MMP-3, -9, and -10 are elevated. In migraine, serum MMP-2 is elevated, and also MMP-9 in those patients with migraine without aura. MMP-9 is implicated in the pathogenesis of experimental epilepsy. A pathogenic role of MMPs in these conditions could be related to their ability to degrade extracellular matrix. MMPs may also facilitate autoimmunity.

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Biomarkers and location of atherosclerosis: Matrix metalloproteinase-2 may be related to intracranial atherosclerosis

et al. 2012

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Matrix Metalloproteinase-3 in Myasthenia Gravis Compared to Other Neurological Disorders and Healthy Controls

Cited by 11 publications

References 21 publications

Differential Regulation of Matrix-Metalloproteinases and Their Tissue Inhibitors in Patients with Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Differential Regulation of Matrix-Metalloproteinases and Their Tissue Inhibitors in Patients with Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Serum Levels of Matrix Metalloproteinases: Implications in Clinical Neurology

Biomarkers and location of atherosclerosis: Matrix metalloproteinase-2 may be related to intracranial atherosclerosis

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