Matrix metalloproteinase-9 derived from polymorphonuclear neutrophils increases gut barrier dysfunction and bacterial translocation in rat severe acute pancreatitis

Chymase Inhibition Reduces Infarction and Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Activation and Attenuates Inflammation and Fibrosis after Acute Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion

“…A possible explanation for that is that chymase inhibition reduced pro-MMP-9 through attenuation of neutrophil and mast cell infiltration. MMP-9 is reported to be expressed in the inflammatory cells (Libby, 2002;Mikami et al, 2009), so reduced neutrophil and mast cell accumulation would probably cause decrease of pro-MMP-9. One of the most interesting findings in this study is that mast cells can be either MMP-9-positive or -negative.…”

Lipocalina associada à gelatinase de neutrófilos (NGAL) e calprotectina no tecido laminar de equinos após obstrução jejunal, tratados ou não com hidrocortisona

“…não ser um modelo clássico de indução da afecção podal, é interessante por tratar-se de lesões causadas no aparelho gastrintestinal que repercutem a distância nas lâminas do casco, semelhante ao observado por Rio Tinto et al (2004). A MMP-9 tem sido associada ao desenvolvimento da injú-ria tecidual em vários órgãos, principalmente pela sua forte associação com a inϐiltração neutroϐílica (Loftus et al 2006, Chakrabarti, Zee & Patel 2006, Mikami et al 2009). Neste estudo, houve aumento da forma de MMP-9 conjugada ao NGAL (C_MMP-9/NGAL), um composto associado a neutróϐilos, o que suporta a participação da MMP-9 na resposta inϐlamató-ria.…”

The Effect of Erythropoietin on Intestinal Damage Developed Secondary to Experimental Acute Pancreatitis

“…Inflammatory cells, particularly neutrophils accumulate in this region and increase the release of free oxygen radicals, inflammatory response, and worsen the ischemic effect [2,17]. Damage of the mucosal integrity leads to an increase in intestinal permeability and damage in interstitial Cajal cells and myenteric neurons causes ileus progressing through endotoxemia and bacterial translocation [4,[17][18][19]. Moreover, apparently MMP-9 related changes also occur in the intestinal capillary endothelial barrier [20].…”

“…It is reported that enteral immune nutrition and probiotics reduce endotoxemia, bacterial translocation, apoptosis and histopathological damage of the intestine and that it also increases the IgA concentration in serum and intestinal mucus [21,23]. Blocking the secretion of the neutrophil MMP-9, or preventing the accumulation of neutrophil in the region through different ways also has a regressive effect on bacterial translocation and intestinal damage [18,24]. In addition, PAF inhibitors, NF-κΒ inhibitors, and substances such as dexamethasone with anti-inflammatory effects reduce the blood concentration of the inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and the MPO activity in the intestine [17,24,25].…”