Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐2 and MMP‐9 as inflammation markers of <i>Trichinella spiralis</i> and <i>Trichinella pseudospiralis</i> infections in mice

Bruschi, Fabrizio; Bianchi, C.; Fornaro, Michele; Naccarato, Antonio Giuseppe; Menicagli, Michele; Gómez-Morales, María Ángeles; Pozio, Edoardo; Pinto, Barbara

doi:10.1111/pim.12138

Cited by 25 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…However, this expression was decreased in the groups that were treated with acetazolamide which reflects decreased expression of MMP-9 and reduction in the inflammatory changes. Bruschi et al (2014) observed that MMP-9 may be considered as markers of the inflammatory response in Trichinella spp. in infected mice.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbonic anhydrase enzyme as a potential therapeutic target for experimental trichinellosis

et al. 2016

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Trichinellosis is a globally distributed helminthic infection. There is a considerable interest in developing new anti-helminthic drugs affecting all the developmental stages of Trichinella. Acetazolamide (carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibitor) involves a novel mechanism of action by inhibiting such an essential enzyme for parasite metabolism. This work aimed to study the effect of acetazolamide against different stages of T. spiralis in experimental animals. Mice were divided into three groups: group I: infected and treated with acetazolamide on day 2 post infection (P.I.), group II: infected and treated with acetazolamide on day 12 P.I., and group III: infected non-treated. From each group, small intestine and muscles were removed for histopathological and immunohistochemical studies. Also, total adult and muscle larval count were estimated. We found that acetazolamide was effective in reduction of both adult and muscle larval counts. When given early, the effect was more pronounced on the adults (62.7 %). However, the efficacy of the drug against muscle larvae was increased when given late (63 %). Improvement of the intestinal histopathological changes was observed in all the treated groups. Degeneration of encysted larvae with minimal pathologic changes of infected skeletal muscle was observed in the treated groups. Expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 showed a statistically significant decrease in the intestinal and muscle tissues in all treated groups as compared to the control group. In conclusion, the present study revealed that acetazolamide, carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, could be a promising drug against both adults and larvae of T. spiralis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbonic anhydrase enzyme as a potential therapeutic target for experimental trichinellosis

et al. 2016

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Section: Extravasation In Inflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, leukocytes secrete proteases, such as MMPs, which are a group of proteolytic enzymes whose main function is to degrade ECM protein [145][146][147]. Matrix metalloproteinases are regarded as key molecules in inflammation, and up-regulated expression of MMP members is often associated with the presence of inflammation [146]. In addition, studies have revealed that inflammatory cells can induce the expression of MMPs, which are crucial for all stages of the inflammatory process, from tissue repair and foreign body elimination to activating cytokines [148,149].…”

Section: Extravasation In Inflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of matrix metalloproteinases in cancer progression, in particular metastasis

Alsayad¹

2018

Arch Med Sci Civil Dis

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Cancer is a major global health concern, and is one of the leading causes of mortality in many developed countries including Australia. Most of the morbidity and mortality associated with cancer can be linked to the process of metastasis, whereby malignant cancerous cells move from their primary site to establish secondary tumours at a distant location. The capacity of cells to migrate through a tissue depends on their ability to degrade the extracellular matrix. Matrix metalloproteinases are the main protease enzymes involved in the degradation of the extracellular matrix. The release of these enzymes is important, not just for normal immune and inflammatory processes, but also for cancer.

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“…Cell surface enolase also influences MMPs that can help process the inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β to their biologically active forms [59, 60], which in turn may further enhance inflammatory responses. Both MMP-2 and MMP-9 play important roles in the inflammatory process [61]; thus, targeting enolase may be considered for limiting ECM- and MMP-mediated damages after injury.…”

Section: Nse In Neuroinflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuron specific enolase: a promising therapeutic target in acute spinal cord injury

et al. 2016

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Enolase is a multifunctional protein, which is expressed abundantly in the cytosol. Upon stimulatory signals, enolase can traffic to cell surface and contribute to different pathologies including injury, autoimmunity, infection, inflammation, and cancer. Cell-surface expression of enolase is often detected on activated monocytes/macrophages, microglia and astrocytes, promoting extracellular matrix degradation, production of pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines, and invasion of inflammatory cells in the sites of injury and inflammation. Inflammatory stimulation also induces translocation of enolase from the cytosolic pool to the cell surface where it can act as a plasminogen receptor and promotes extracellular matrix degradation and tissue damage. Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating debilitating condition whose progressive pathological changes include complex and evolving molecular cascades, and insights into the role of enolase in multiple inflammatory events have not yet been fully elucidated. Neuronal damage following SCI could be characterized by an elevation of neuron specific enolase (NSE), which is also known to play a role in the pathogenesis of hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. Thus, NSE is now considered as a biomarker in ischemic brain damage, and it has recently been suggested to be a biomarker in traumatic brain injury (TBI), stroke and anoxic encephalopathy after cardiac arrest and acute SCI as well. This review gives an overview of current basic research and clinical studies on the role of multifunctional enolase in neurotrauma, with a special emphasis on NSE in acute SCI.

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Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐2 and MMP‐9 as inflammation markers of Trichinella spiralis and Trichinella pseudospiralis infections in mice

Cited by 25 publications

References 32 publications

Carbonic anhydrase enzyme as a potential therapeutic target for experimental trichinellosis

Carbonic anhydrase enzyme as a potential therapeutic target for experimental trichinellosis

The role of matrix metalloproteinases in cancer progression, in particular metastasis

Neuron specific enolase: a promising therapeutic target in acute spinal cord injury

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