Matrix metalloproteinases as diagnostic (MMP-13) and prognostic (MMP-2, MMP-9) markers of prostate cancer

Abstract

Previous studies have detected high levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in metastatic prostate cancer. In this study, we recruited 40 patients with prostate cancer (PCa): 20 presented organ-confined carcinoma and 20 had metastatic cancer. We also recruited 40 subjects for control groups, 20 with benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) and 20 healthy males with similar characteristics. All of the patients were monitored at the beginning (time 0) and after 90 days. We analyzed the plasma concentrations of MMP-2, MMP-9, MMP-13, TIMP-1 and the enzyme activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9,using specific ELISA tests. The plasma concentrations of MMP-2, MMP-9 and MMP-13 were higher in PCa patients with metastasis than in the other groups, and in these patients decreased markedly after therapy began. For MMP-2 and MMP-9, greater differences were observed in enzyme activity than in plasma concentrations. TIMP-1 was reduced in PCa patients with metastasis, even if the intergroup differences were not statistically significant. Our results suggest that the plasma concentration and activity of MMPs, in association with PSA determination, could play a role in diagnosis, monitoring therapy and evaluating malignant progression in PCa.

Assessment of 54 Biomarkers for Biopsy-Detectable Prostate Cancer

“…Several studies have evaluated different classes of biomarkers individually in prostate cancer (2,6,8). The current study is unique in that multiple classes of biomarkers were tested using a uniform, standardized technique, facilitating comparisons among different classes of biomarkers, thus reducing technical or temporal errors.…”

“…Several etiologic factors have been proposed involving a broad range of molecular systems, pathways, and mechanisms. Adipokines, markers of immune response, metalloproteinases, adhesion molecules, hormones, and several growth factors have been implicated in the process of both cancer initiation and progression in the prostate as well as in other organ systems (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10). Several from these groups have been proposed as biomarkers for cancer detection as well as for prognosis and follow-up in prostate cancer based on their detection in different biospecimens (10)(11)(12)(13).…”

Ornithine Decarboxylase Is Sufficient for Prostate Tumorigenesis via Androgen Receptor Signaling

“…38 Different metalloproteinases, including MMP13, which has previously been linked to prostate cancer, were also up-regulated in the ODC-overexpressing cells in our study. 39 Mitochondrial dysfunction and EIF2 and mTOR signaling pathways were found to be the most significantly altered genetic pathways in conjunction with the polyamine pathway's increased activity. Defects in mitochondrial function, which are important in cellular metabolism and apoptosis, have long been known to contribute to the development and progression of cancer.…”

New experimental markers for early detection of high-risk prostate cancer: role of cell–cell adhesion and cell migration

“…Both MMP-2 and MMP-9 overexpression is implicated as prognostic marker in prostate cancer, together with downregulation of their inhibitors; the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) (Morgia et al 2005). Furthermore, the mRNA ratio between MMP9 and E-cadherin showed to be an important indicator for clinical outcome after radical prostatectomy (Kuniyasu et al 2003).…”