Matrix metalloproteinases‐I, ‐3 and ‐8 and myeloperoxidase in saliva of patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐sero‐positive patients have frequently severe gingival inflammation andlor attachment loss. In addition many infectious diseases affect their periodontium with varying clinical manifestations. Matrix metalloproteinases seem to play a key role in physiological periodontal remodelling and pathological tissue destruction, The aim of the present study was to characterize the presence, molecular forms, cellular sources, activities, and relative amounts of fibroblast‐type (matrix metalloproteinase [MMPJ‐I) and neutrophil (MMP‐8) collagenases, as well as their potential activator stromelysin‐I (MMP‐3) and myeloperoxidase in saliva of HIV‐seropositive patients at different phases of HIV‐infection. HIV‐seronegative, healthy, age‐matched patients served as controls. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Saliva samples were characterized by Western blotting using antibodies specific for MMP‐I, MMP‐3 and MMP‐8. Interstitial collagenase activities were measured using quantitative sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis/laser densitometry assay. Myeloperoxidase was analysed using quantitative dot blotting. RESULTS: Clinical and microbiological evaluation of HIV‐seropositive patients' periodontium showed the presence of putative periodontopathogens ie Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (Ao), Porphyromonos gingivalis (Pg), Prevotella intermedia (Pi), Peptostreptococcus micros (Psm) and Campylobacter rectus (Cr) in their periodontal pockets. The amount of Candida increased with the severity of HIV‐infection. Clinical and microbiological findings of HIV‐seropositive patients suggested that they have a tendency to develop periodontal disease. Interstitial collagenase activities were found to be increased in saliva of different phases of HIV‐infected patients compared to the controls. Independent of the phase of HIV‐

MMP‐8 ‐799 C>T genetic polymorphism is associated with the susceptibility to chronic and aggressive periodontitis in Taiwanese

“…Most recently, significantly higher serum CRP, MMP-8, MMP-9, TNF-a levels have been reported in dementia and periodontitis patients in comparison with HC (Rai et al 2010). Increased amounts of MMP-8 (as well as MMP-1, -3 and myeloperoxidase) in saliva and the presence of putative periodontal pathogens in HIVpatients' periodontal pockets have been reported (Mellanen et al 1996). Periodontal treatment eliminated the Chlamydia pneumonia in dental plaque and reduced GCF MMP-8 level in periodontitis patients with Chlamydia pneumonia (Mantyla et al 2004).…”

“…Increased amounts of MMP‐8 (as well as MMP‐1, ‐3 and myeloperoxidase) in saliva and the presence of putative periodontal pathogens in HIV‐patients’ periodontal pockets have been reported (Mellanen et al. ). Periodontal treatment eliminated the Chlamydia pneumonia in dental plaque and reduced GCF MMP‐8 level in periodontitis patients with Chlamydia pneumonia (Mantyla et al.…”

Periodontal disease in HIV/AIDS

“…This greater susceptibility for periodontal breakdown and development of necrotic lesions in HIV-infected individuals may also be caused partly by the reduced numbers of host defense dendritic cells (e.g. LangerhanÕs cells) on the oral epithelial side (110) and reduced antibody reactivities to periodontal pathogens and other infections (7,12,58,85,99,100,108,163).…”

Matrix metalloproteinases, their production by monocytes and macrophages and their potential role in HIV-related diseases

“…HIV-infected patients frequently report gingival inflammation and may develop progressive periodontal tissue breakdown or require dental extraction due to weakened attachment. HIVrelated periodontal disease, including gingivitis; periodontitis; and bacterial, viral and fungal infections has been associated with increased levels of MMP-1, -3, and -8 in saliva from HIV-infected individuals, and these MMPs may play a role in the development of HIV-associated periodontitis [138].…”