Matrix Metalloproteinases MMP-3 and MMP-9 as Predictors of In-Stent Restenosis

Abstract

The present study aimed to demonstrate the use of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2, MMP-3 and MMP-9) as possible additional biochemical predictors of in-stent restenosis (ISR) and determined their reference intervals in adults with respect to gender and age. We included 111 consecutive patients treated at the cathlab of the University Hospital Ostrava, Czech Republic, with ISR within 12 months after implantation of a bare-metal stent. The control group consisted of 111 matched patients with identical main demographic and clinical risk factors. To set the reference intervals for MMPs, we measured the blood concentrations of these analytes in a group of healthy volunteers (N = 180) with an average age of 40-50 years. The enzyme concentrations were measured by immunosorbent assay. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 22 and MedCalc Version 14.12. We found that increased levels of MMP-3 and 9 were associated with a signiicant increase in ISR risk. The MMP-9 cut-of value for ISR risk prediction was determined to be ≥64.8 ng/mL. We suppose that screening of these biochemical parameters might be helpful to a more detailed risk stratiication of patients after percutaneous coronary interventions, who would be able to beneit from implantation of drug-eluting stents.

Multilevel Assessment of Stent-Induced Inflammation in the Adjacent Vascular Tissue

“…The implications of the combined effects resulting from implant biocorrosion, leading to elevated metal particle contamination in peri-implant tissue, were assessed at the macro- (tissue) level via in vivo imaging and histomorphology. Many reports in literature ,,,− signify the use of MMPs (e.g., MMP-2, MMP-3, and MMP-9), as biochemical markers for risk stratification of patients after percutaneous coronary interventions, by demonstrating an association between their increased levels and high ISR rates. In this study, the MMPSense-680 fluorescent marker was utilized to assess inflammation and vascular proliferation at the stent implantation site via a whole-body fluorescence imaging system.…”

The role of extracellular vesicles in neointima formation post vascular injury

“…During the structural remodelling of the vessel wall, vein grafts produce various MMPs including MMP2 and MMP9 capable of degrading collagen and other ECM components [53,54]. MMPs have also been implicated in the pathogenesis of in-stent restenosis after coronary stent implantation [55,56].…”