Matrix solid-phase dispersion coupled with homogeneous ionic liquid microextraction for the determination of sulfonamides in animal tissues using high-performance liquid chromatography

Abstract

Matrix solid-phase dispersion coupled with homogeneous ionic liquid microextraction was developed and applied to the extraction of some sulfonamides, including sulfamerazine, sulfamethazine, sulfathiazole, sulfachloropyridazine, sulfadoxine, sulfisoxazole, and sulfaphenazole, in animal tissues. High-performance liquid chromatography was applied to the separation and determination of the target analytes. The solid sample was directly treated by matrix solid-phase dispersion and the eluate obtained was treated by homogeneous ionic liquid microextraction. The ionic liquid was used as the extraction solvent in this method, which may result in the improvement of the recoveries of the target analytes. To avoid using organic solvent and reduce environmental pollution, water was used as the elution solvent of matrix solid-phase dispersion. The effects of the experimental parameters on recoveries, including the type and volume of ionic liquid, type of dispersant, ratio of sample to dispersant, pH value of elution solvent, volume of elution solvent, amount of salt in eluate, amount of ion-pairing agent (NH4 PF6 ), and centrifuging time, were evaluated. When the present method was applied to the analysis of animal tissues, the recoveries of the analytes ranged from 85.4 to 118.0%, and the relative standard deviations were lower than 9.30%. The detection limits for the analytes were 4.3-13.4 μg/kg.

Food Sample Preparation for the Determination of Sulfonamides by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: State-of-the-Art

“…Reported novel solid-phase sorbent materials include MWCNTs utilized in a SPE protocol [43], and Fe 3 O 4 @JUC-48 nanocomposite utilized in a MSPE protocol [44]. An ionic liquid application was also reported in a MSPD-HILME protocol [46]. SPE [55], MSPE [57], and ATPS extraction [53,54] were the most reported approaches for the extraction of SAs from milk samples.…”

“…Other reported approaches included a combined MSPD-homogeneous ionic liquid microextraction (HILME) protocol for the extraction of seven SAs from bovine, chicken, and pork tissue samples [46], an on-line SPME protocol for the extraction of five antimicrobials, including sulfametoxydiazine, sulfamethoxazole, and SQX from chicken and pork tissue and egg samples [47] and a SBSE protocol for the extraction of ten SAs from chicken and pork tissue samples [48]. For the MSPD-HILME protocol, the ionic liquid employed acted both as elution solvent in MSPD and extraction solvent in HILME.…”

“…The cloudy mixture was centrifuged at 5 • C and 10,000 rpm for 5 min, the supernatant was discarded and the remaining ionic liquid phase was diluted with ACN (300 µL), passed through a 0.22 µm polytetrafluoroethylene membrane filter and analyzed with HPLC-DAD. The authors emphasized the simplicity and the higher extraction recoveries achieved, as well as the reduced reagent requirements of the developed sample preparation protocol [46]. In the on-line SPME protocol, spiked tissue or egg (5 g) was mixed with Na 2 SO 4 (5 g) and ACN (10 mL) and the mixture was sonicated for 10 min and centrifuged at 8000 rpm for 5 min.…”

Freeze–thaw approach: A practical sample preparation strategy for residue analysis of multi‐class veterinary drugs in chicken muscle

“…They are also time consuming and usually have a high false positive rate. With recent advances in chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques, HPLC [10,11], LC-MS [12,13], LC-MS/MS [14][15][16][17][18][19][20], and LC coupled to high-resolution MS [21,22] have become prevalent. Generally, antimicrobial residues in animal-derived food are present in trace levels (ng/g).…”

Graphene-Fe3O4as a magnetic solid-phase extraction sorbent coupled to capillary electrophoresis for the determination of sulfonamides in milk

“…It has been reported that SAs showed many side effects such as causing allergic hypersensitivity reactions and carcinogen resulting in hypothyroid . In recent years, SAs have been frequently detected at considerably high concentrations in environmental water and food samples by using HPLC–MS , UV‐Vis , fluorescence , and CE method. The sensitivity of modern analysis instruments has been improved, yet it is still difficult to obtain accurate results due to the interferences from sample matrix, especially for food samples.…”