Mattertronics for programmable manipulation and multiplex storage of pseudo-diamagnetic holes and label-free cells

Abstract

Manipulating and separating single label-free cells without biomarker conjugation have attracted significant interest in the field of single-cell research, but digital circuitry control and multiplexed individual storage of single label-free cells remain a challenge. Herein, by analogy with the electrical circuitry elements and electronical holes, we develop a pseudo-diamagnetophoresis (PsD) mattertronic approach in the presence of biocompatible ferrofluids for programmable manipulation and local storage of single PsD holes and label-free cells. The PsD holes conduct along linear negative micro-magnetic patterns. Further, eclipse diode patterns similar to the electrical diode can implement directional and selective switching of different PsD holes and label-free cells based on the diode geometry. Different eclipse heights and junction gaps influence the switching efficiency of PsD holes for mattertronic circuitry manipulation and separation. Moreover, single PsD holes are stored at each potential well as in an electrical storage capacitor, preventing multiple occupancies of PsD holes in the array of individual compartments due to magnetic Coulomb-like interaction. This approach may enable the development of large programmable arrays of label-free matters with high throughput, efficiency, and reliability as multiplex cell research platforms.

Microelectromechanical Systems Based on Magnetic Polymer Films

“…For the manipulation and separation of single or bulk amounts of cells, different microfluidic technologies have been developed, based on flow cytometry, photophoresis, acoustophoresis, dielectrophoresis, and magnetophoresis. Magnetophoresis, in comparison to other methods, has distinct advantages due to the use of magnetic fields, including remote noninvasive manipulation, programmability, lower heat generation, and biocompatibility, as well as the ability to fix cells during analysis and to adjust the distance between cells [ 80 ]. In addition, magnetically labeling the cells can be done preferentially and, in this case, their separation can be of great interest in biological applications and medicine.…”

Tailoring matter orbitals mediated using a nanoscale topographic interface for versatile colloidal current devices

“…Because 2D thin-film structures do not affect topography formation, and driving forces around the local landscape are independent to each target. Therefore, the magnetophoretic circuit concept [36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45] using thin-film patterns is most suitable for investigating topographic effects among magnetic field-based technologies. The magnetophoretic circuit allows the particles to continuously move according to the magnetic energy distribution of the micro-magnets without additional fluid flow.…”

“…In the x-axial symmetric connected circular pattern, the colloidal flow may be in the opposite direction subject to the y-axis position of the particles. 36,47 To control the bi-directional colloidal current of origin symmetry arising from the same magnetic field, asymmetric magnetic patterns, referred to as conductor patterns in a few studies, 36,37,42 were designed to induce symmetry breaking, and the desired function could be obtained. However, these attempts induced a rigid colloidal current path that could not be switched by varying the operational parameters.…”

Magnetic Bucket Brigade Transport Networks for Cell Transport

“…[36][37][38][39][40] A correlation between the microbead size and the trajectory along specific structures has been demonstrated, even allowing the separation of different microbead species. [41][42][43] The general movement directions are defined by either a variable magnetic field sequence on isotropic magnetic pattern arrangements, with or without the aid of dynamic effects, [44,36] permitting for a variable pathway of movement. Alternatively, the actual pattern arrangements define the motion pattern, [40] enabling spatially varying motion patterns across chip surfaces with the same magnetic field sequence along pre-fixed paths.…”