MATURATION, REPRODUCTION, AND GROWTH OF Penaeus vannamei AND P. stylirostris FED NATURAL DIETS

Abstract

A variety of natural foods have been reported to induce ovarian maturation of penaeid shrimp. In this study, conducted from 19 June to 11 September 1980, four single‐food diets (clams, shrimp, squid, and worms) and one composite diet consisting of all four foods were fed to Penaeus vannamei in 3.7‐m diameter indoor circular tanks. The shrimp, averaging 28 g, were stocked at a rate of 6.9 m‐2 with a 1:1 male to female ratio. Unilateral eyestalk ablation was performed on half of the females in each tank. Tanks received one turnover of water volume daily and the water temperature and salinity averaged 27.0°C and 28.6 ppt, respectively. Daily photoperiod was maintained at 13 hours of light. Ovarian maturation, spawning, molting rate, and survival were monitored daily and growth and gonad size were measured at termination. The composite diet was the best overall diet, while squid was the best single‐food diet, followed by shrimp, worms, and clams. No maturation of unablated females was observed with the exception of one female that developed to stage 3. Although the size of the shrimp was considered marginal for spawning, 5 mated females were observed, but only one (squid treatment) produced viable nauplii. After termination of this study, all shrimp were fed the composite diet for 41 days. During this period, ovarian maturation and spawning occurred in the previously unproductive treatment receiving only clams, and growth rate of shrimp in all previously single‐food treatments increased 4 to 7 fold. The composite diet was also fed to two tanks of P. stylirostris (mean initial weight = 45.4 g) for a period of 118 days. During that time, 50 spawns were obtained with up to 3 spawns per female. A total of 4.3 × 105 P. stylirostris nauplii were produced.

Floc contribution on spawning performance of blue shrimpLitopenaeus stylirostris

“…On the other hand, Coman, Arnold, Peixoto, Crocos, Coman and Preston () suggested that broodstock size was not the sole factor affecting the spawning performance of wild and domesticated P. monodon . In our study, shrimp weight was in a range of 40–53 g, an adequate size for L. stylirostris broodstock (Chamberlain & Lawrence ; Bray, Lawrence & Lester ; Mendoza ). Hence, it was assumed that animals were in the same physiological condition.…”

Maturation costs affect maturation timing: sexual reproduction in a heterogonic hydra

“…We also observed a significantly more negative response to reduced food supply in mature females than in males. This may indirectly indicate a higher cost of maturation in H. oligactis females because gonadal maturation in females may depend largely on feeding, as in shrimps or squids (Chamberlain & Lawrence, 1981;McGrath & Jackson, 2002). We observed similar patterns of sexual maturation for males and females: stopping of asexual reproduction ?…”

Modulation of reproductive exhaustion usingUlva clathratain Pacific white shrimpLitopenaeus vannamei(Boone, 1931) broodstock during commercial maturation

“…While the importance of feeding quality for broodstock maturation, mating, fertility, and larvae quality has been extensively reviewed (Bray, Lawrence, & Lester, ; Coman, Arnold, Callaghan, & Preston, ; Harrison, ; Naessens et al, ; Wouters, Piguave, Bastidas, Calderon, & Sorgeloos, ), progress has been slow. Maturation diets have gone from single food diets (Chamberlain & Lawrence, ) to composite diets consisting of a mixture of fresh‐frozen invertebrates, such as squid, polychaete worms, mussels, krill, and Artemia brine shrimp, to name a few (Bray et al, ; Cahu, Guillaume, Stephan, & Chim, ; Chamberlain & Lawrence, ; Galgani, Cuzon, Galgani, & Goguenheim, ; Harrison, ; Primavera, Lim, & Borlongan, ; Wouters, Gomez, Lavens, & Calderon, ). More recently, semimoist and dry compound diets have been used during maturation, often given together with a fresh‐frozen compound diet (for review, see Chimsung, ).…”