Maturational delay in ADHD: evidence from CPT

Berger, Itai; Slobodin, Ortal; Aboud, Merav; Melamed, Julia; Cassuto, Hanoch

doi:10.3389/fnhum.2013.00691

Cited by 57 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…At baseline, height SDS and weight SDS z scores were higher than expected in our study which is not coherent with the studies suggesting that patients with ADHD show physical growth delay intrinsic to the disorder [15,16]. According to the "maturational delay" in ADHD, a delay in prefrontal cortical regions has been described [17,18] if the same condition was not associated with an intrinsic delay of physical development. Our results are coherent with other studies which compared the prevalence of higher body weight or body mass index in children and adolescents with ADHD [19,20].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 95%

The effects of atomoxetine on weight, height, and body mass index in Turkish children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Turan

Akay

2019

Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology

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Background: We aimed to examine the long-term effects of atomoxetine on height, weight, and body mass index in Turkish children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods: Participants (6-18 years, 146 boys, 52 girls) with ADHD who used atomoxetine for at least 1 year were included in a retrospective study. Weight, height, and BMI z scores were converted to age-and gender-corrected z scores at baseline and last follow-up. Results: Atomoxetine treatment was associated with a notional reduction in height and weight standard deviation scores (SDS). There were no differences in BMI-SDS before and after atomoxetine treatment. Results of multiple linear regression analysis assess the possible contribution of the different treatment-related factors, age starting treatment, and duration of treatment predicted final height. And also, only the duration of treatment predicted final weight, not final height and BMI. Conclusions: We conclude that atomoxetine shows a negative effect on height and weight in children. This study demonstrated that these findings obtained at the end of the study might be helpful in assessing the growth parameters that may facilitate the course of the ADHD.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 95%

The effects of atomoxetine on weight, height, and body mass index in Turkish children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Turan

Akay

2019

Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology

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“…Another limitation of the study is our inability to study gender differences separately for children and adolescents due to our limited sample size. Indices of CPT performance, including the level of distractibility, were previously associated with age (Berger et al, 2013;Slobodin et al, 2015). Therefore, it will be worthwhile to study gender effects on developmental trajectories of ADHD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender Differences in Objective and Subjective Measures of ADHD Among Clinic-Referred Children

Slobodin

Davidovitch

2019

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), one of the most prevalent childhood disorders today, is generally more likely to be diagnosed and treated in boys than in girls. However, gender differences in ADHD are currently poorly understood, partly because previous research included only a limited proportion of girls and relied mainly on subjective measures of ADHD, which are highly vulnerable to reporter's bias. To further examine gender differences in ADHD and to address some of the shortcomings of previous studies, this study examined gender differences in subjective and objective measures of ADHD among clinic-referred children with ADHD. Participants were 204 children aged 6-17 years-old with ADHD (129 boys, 75 girls). A retrospective analysis was conducted using records of a clinical database. Obtained data included parent and teacher forms of the Conners ADHD rating scales, Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), Teacher's Report Form (TRF), and child's continuous performance test (CPT) scores. Results showed that according to parents' and teachers' reports of ADHD-related symptoms (Conners ADHD rating scales), girls had more inattention problems than boys, but no differences were identified in the level of hyperactivity and impulsivity symptoms. CPT data, however, revealed higher impulsivity among boys. We did not find gender differences in the level of distractibility during CPT performance. Specifically, the effects of distractors type (visual environmental stimuli, auditory stimuli, or a combination of them) and distractors load (one or two distracting stimuli at a time) on CPT performance did not differ between boys and girls with ADHD. These findings suggest that gender effects on ADHD symptoms may differ between subjective and objective measures. Understanding gender differences in ADHD may lead to improved identification of girls with the disorder, helping to reduce the gender gap in diagnosis and treatment.

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“…Children with ADHD or ASD exhibit inferior inhibitory control compared to healthy control children 42,43) . A developmental cross-sectional study indicated that children with ADHD exhibit delayed development of executive function compared to typically developing children 44) . Furthermore, relative to typical developed children, children with ADHD, ASD, and dyslexia have abnormal brain structure [45][46][47] , and exhibit differential brain activation during the resting state 48) , as well as during executive function tasks [49][50][51] .…”

Section: Neurodevelopmental Disorders and Executive Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of acute exercise on executive function in children with and without neurodevelopmental disorders

Soga

Kamijo

Hayashi

2016

JPFSM

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An increasing number of studies have examined the effects of acute aerobic exercise on executive function (i.e., higher-order cognitive abilities involved in goal-directed behaviors) in healthy children. More recently, studies have begun to extend these empirical findings to children with neurodevelopmental disorders such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Here, we review what is known about the effects of acute exercise on executive function in children with and without neurodevelopmental disorders. Overall, moderate acute aerobic exercise can transiently improve executive function in children with and without neurodevelopmental disorders. Further, these effects of acute exercise may differ depending on type of exercise, participant characteristics (e.g., fitness levels, executive function capacity, type of neurodevelopmental disorder), and timing of cognitive task administration (i.e., after versus during exercise). Despite the increasing number of findings, it is still premature to suggest effective exercise types and/or intensity levels to produce improvements in executive function in children. Further studies are needed to address this issue. Finally, future research directions are discussed in more detail.

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Maturational delay in ADHD: evidence from CPT

Cited by 57 publications

References 57 publications

The effects of atomoxetine on weight, height, and body mass index in Turkish children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

The effects of atomoxetine on weight, height, and body mass index in Turkish children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Gender Differences in Objective and Subjective Measures of ADHD Among Clinic-Referred Children

Effects of acute exercise on executive function in children with and without neurodevelopmental disorders

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