Mauve Factor re-identified as 2,4-Dimethyl-3-ethylpyrrole and its Sedative Effect on the CNS

Sohler, Arthur; Beck, Raymond A.; Noval, Joseph J.

doi:10.1038/2281318a0

Cited by 29 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Interest in pyrroles as markers of psychiatric disorders started Dr. Abram Hoffer's discovery that "Mauve Factor", a pyrrole named for its lavender appearance in urine chromatograms stained with Ehrlich's reagent [1], was prominent in urine samples from schizophrenics [2,3]. After considerable efforts [4][5][6][7][8][9][10], Mauve Factor was determined to be the hemopyrrole derivative hydroxyhemopyrrolin-2-one (HPL). Hoffer claimed that HPL tended to decrease when a patient recovered from illness, and increased when illness reappeared; moreover, treatments with vitamin B6 and zinc were reported to decrease HPL levels and were associated with patient recovery [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Test of Pyrroles in Psychiatric Disorders: Association with Nutritional, Immunological and Metabolic Markers

Mikirova

2015

J. Nutr. Ther.

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Background: Psychiatrists started using urine pyrroles (hydroxyhemopyrrolin-2-one, HPL) to diagnose psychiatric disorders many years ago. The biological origins of HPL are not known, nor are the causes of elevated urinary pyrrole excretion well understood. Methods: In the present study we analyzed the level of pyrroles in 148 patients with schizophrenia, 135 patients with bipolar disorder, 97 patients with depression, 119 patients with ADHD and compared these data with the results of pyrrole tests for patients with non-psychiatric conditions and healthy volunteers. Results: According to our data, urinary pyrrole concentrations tended to be high in patients with psychiatric disorders, but elevated level of pyrroles was not specific for only these patients. We found evidence of an allergy related component in the fact that elevated pyrrole levels were significantly more prevalent in subjects with elevated histamine values. A role of intestinal bacteria, or imbalances in intestinal bacterial metabolism, was also suggested based on the found relationship between elevated pyrrole levels and elevations in indicans and urobilinogens. In addition, our data demonstrated that subjects with severely elevated pyrrole levels were deficient in nutrients such as zinc, vitamin B3, and vitamin C. Conclusion: Thus, pyrrole excretion seems to be a component of illness in general and not strictly psychiatric disorders.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Test of Pyrroles in Psychiatric Disorders: Association with Nutritional, Immunological and Metabolic Markers

Mikirova

2015

J. Nutr. Ther.

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“…This factor, identified as 2,4-dimethyl-3-ethyl pyrrole (kryptopyrrole) (Irvine, Bayne, Miyashita & Majer, 1969;Sohler, Beck & Noval, 1970), has been shown to be present in the urine of 30-60% of psychotic subjects (Sohler, Renz, Smith & Kaufman, 1967). Husak, Durko & Karsai (1972) have reported the excretion of kryptopyrrole in patients with acute intermittent porphyria and porphyria cutanea tarda, and in a proportion of patients with acute schizophrenia who also excreted excess of porphyrins.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The Porphyrinogenic Effects of Kryptopyrrole in the Rat and the Occurrence of Urinary Kryptopyrrole in Human Hereditary Hepatic Porphyria

et al. 1976

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“…Most recently the 'mauve factor' was reidentified as 2,4-dimethyl-3-ethylpyrrole by Sohler et al (1970) by using paper and thin-layer chromatography. Nevertheless, the relationship between the presence of 'mauve factor' and schizo phrenic psychopathology could not be substantiated.…”

Section: Mauve Factormentioning

confidence: 99%

Negative Findings with Nicotinic Acid in the Treatment of Schizophrenias

Ban¹

1974

Int Pharmacopsychiatry

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In view of the controversy regarding the effectiveness of nicotinic acid therapy in schizophrenic patients a series of systematic studies were designed to obtain relevant information on this treatment. Since the initiation of these collaborative studies, five of the 12 originally designed clinical trials have been completed. Findings in these studies strongly suggest that the administration of nicotinic acid in the dosage of 3,000 mg/day has no therapeutic effect; or may even have a negative therapeutic effect, in unselected groups of schizophrenic patients.

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Mauve Factor re-identified as 2,4-Dimethyl-3-ethylpyrrole and its Sedative Effect on the CNS

Cited by 29 publications

References 4 publications

Clinical Test of Pyrroles in Psychiatric Disorders: Association with Nutritional, Immunological and Metabolic Markers

Clinical Test of Pyrroles in Psychiatric Disorders: Association with Nutritional, Immunological and Metabolic Markers

The Porphyrinogenic Effects of Kryptopyrrole in the Rat and the Occurrence of Urinary Kryptopyrrole in Human Hereditary Hepatic Porphyria

Negative Findings with Nicotinic Acid in the Treatment of Schizophrenias

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