Maxillary Canine Tooth Extraction for Class 2 Malocclusion in a Dog

Abstract

Malocclusion in dogs is commonly diagnosed in puppies when the primary dentition is present. Interceptive orthodontic treatment may be elected to temporarily resolve painful contact points with the primary dentition. However, the adult dentition must be monitored closely and treated to achieve a lifelong, pain-free occlusion. This case report illustrates interceptive orthodontic treatment of deciduous and permanent dentition to treat a class 2 malocclusion in a dog. Extraction of the permanent maxillary canine tooth was elected to resolve abnormal contact from the mandibular canine in a single anesthetic episode. This treatment option allowed the patient to salvage the structure and function of the mandibular canine, avoid complications associated with mandibular canine extraction, and negate the need for lifelong follow-up of endodontic therapy.

Assessment of Temporary Crown Extensions to Correct Linguoverted Mandibular Canine Teeth in 72 Client-Owned Dogs (2012-2016)

“…Different treatment options (preventive, interceptive, and corrective) and orthodontic appliances (active or passive and removable or fixed) have been described for correction of LMC in the veterinary literature. 1,2,4,8,10 –13,20 However, studies to determine their effectiveness in terms of complications, length of treatment, and clinical outcome are scarce. Fixed acrylic inclined planes have been used for more than 30 years, 11 and they may be the most used orthodontic appliance to correct LMC teeth in dogs today.…”

Orthognathic surgery to improve malocclusion in a chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes)

“…21 Various treatment options are available for domestic animals when trauma is caused by the mandibular canine teeth on the hard palate, such as crown shortening, extraction of the offending teeth or orthodontic movement of the canine teeth. 2,7,8,22 Malocclusions in great apes have not been reported in the literature. As their maxillofacial anatomy is similar to humans, the different treatment options available to human patients should, in theory, be applicable to great apes.…”

“…Malocclusion can lead to local discomfort (traumatic malocclusion) or may even cause temporomandibular joint disease, as seen in humans 21 . Various treatment options are available for domestic animals when trauma is caused by the mandibular canine teeth on the hard palate, such as crown shortening, extraction of the offending teeth or orthodontic movement of the canine teeth 2,7,8,22 …”

“…[4][5][6] Malocclusions that lead to trauma of the soft or hard tissues of the oral cavity are called traumatic malocclusions. In dogs and cats, these are often treated by the movement (orthodontics), 2 shortening of the teeth 7 or extraction (exodontics) 8 of the offending tooth or teeth. Orthognathic surgery (surgery to lengthen or shorten the maxillofacial skeleton) in horses with mandibular brachygnathia is advocated, but very few cases have been reported in the literature.…”

Prevalence of Dental and Skeletal Malocclusions in Mesaticephalic and Dolichocephalic Dogs—a Retrospective Study (2015–2018)

“…However, approximately 80% of the rostral mandible in diameter is occupied by the mandibular canines. 57 Thus, if it is the mandibular canine tooth that needs to be extracted, this procedure can result in loss of rostral mandibular strength. 1,8,58 In this study, 56 (66%) dogs proceeded with extractions to treat the malocclusion and relieve them of their discomfort.…”