Maxillofacial fractures sustained by unmounted equestrians

Antoun, Joseph; Steenberg, Leon; Lee, Kai H.

doi:10.1016/j.bjoms.2010.03.005

Cited by 20 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The 19-item multichoice questionnaire covered riding schools' perceptions of rider profile, general and facial injury patterns and safety protocols and equipment used. Most of the questions were based on the findings of an earlier work that investigated unmounted horse-related facial fractures in Canterbury, New Zealand 11. Some questions allowed multiple responses so that category totals did not necessarily equate to 100%.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, unlike other horse-related bodily injuries, severe facial fractures often occur during unmounted activities 10. Nearly three-quarters of these facial fractures are due to horse kicks,10 11 which have the potential to transfer large destructive forces of approximately 10 000 Newtons upon impact 12. Mounted falls are also responsible for a large volume of facial injuries although these appear to be less severe 10.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Horse-related facial injuries: the perceptions and experiences of riding schools

Meredith

Antoun²

2010

Inj Prev

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This study aimed to investigate the perceptions and experiences of New Zealand horse riding schools with regard to horse-related facial injuries. All the riding schools listed in the New Zealand electronic phonebook directory were surveyed by post. The survey questions covered riding schools' perceptions of rider profile, general and facial injury patterns and safety equipment used. The face was perceived to be the most common injury site by only 4% of respondents. Helmets were enforced in only 35% of the schools during unmounted activities. Nearly half the schools did not enforce any safety equipment for unmounted equestrians. Falls were perceived to be the most common cause of facial injury (41%), ahead of horse kicks (9%). Poor handling was cited as the most likely cause for horse kick-related injuries (67%). In summary, riding schools did not perceive the face to be among the most common horse-related injury sites. Safety protocols were generally directed towards mounted equestrians.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Horse-related facial injuries: the perceptions and experiences of riding schools

Meredith

Antoun²

2010

Inj Prev

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“…14,28 Orbital floor, jaw and zygomatic arch injuries occur in both mounted and un-mounted situations 14,29 Most of the facial injuries reported in another study were soft tissue (56%) with the others being bony. Of those, 58% resulted in fracture.…”

Section: Headmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…11 Although many head injuries are associated with falling, they may also be the result of other mechanisms. 14,28 When un-mounted, the head may make contact with some part of the barn structure or the horse can swing it's head or kick, making contact with some part of the athlete's head.…”

Section: Headmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…12,13 Kicks, head butting and biting have also been reported. 14,15 While the literature reports general information regarding equestrian injuries, the number and type of injuries experienced by collegiate equestrian athletes in the United States is essentially unknown outside, presumably, the competing institution's medical/athletic training staffs. Thus, the purpose of this portion of our two-part study and analysis is to describe the incidence and types of upper and lower extremity and head injuries (sans concussion) in intercollegiate equestrian athletes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Injury History in the Collegiate Equestrian Athlete: Part II: Head, Upper and Lower Extremities

Pilato¹,

Henry²,

Malavase³

2017

JSMAHS

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ATC€, Drussila Malavase Co-Chair ASTM F08.55 Equestrian Safety¥ Monroe Community College ‡, State University New York; Brockport€, Equestrian Safety¥ Purpose: Equestrian sports are known to have a high risk and rate of injury. While there is injury data available on acute injuries in the equestrian population, it is of a general nature. Within that data appears to be a lack of information on the collegiate equestrian athlete. Thus, the purpose of the current study and this analysis is to describe the incidence of upper and lower extremity injuries and head injuries, sans concussion, in intercollegiate equestrian athlete. Method: A survey was developed with input from each author and implemented in Mach forms. It was sent to 43 equestrian coaches in the Eastern United States who passed it on to their athletes. We estimated 753 athletes would have access to the survey and had a total of 73 respondents. Descriptive statistics were calculated for total number of injuries for each injury category. Results: Detailed injury information on the upper and lower extremity and head is found in tables 1-10. The upper and lower extremity and head accounted for 15.97, 60.35 and 4.33 percent respectively of the injuries in this group of athletes. Conclusions and Recommendations: The current study is amongst the first, if not the first, to report specifically on injury patterns and frequency in US collegiate equestrian athletes. The data indicate that there is an extremely high incidence of injury in the collegiate equestrian population. The lower extremity is particularly susceptible to injury in the equestrian athletes. The lack of data available in a sport, which can be classified as collision and has the potential for significant, long-standing disability from an early age due to interaction with the horse, is troubling. Significantly more sport specific research is needed to improve the health and safety of these athletes.

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Retrospective analysis of 15 years of horse-related maxillofacial fracture data at a major German trauma center

Stier

Tavassol

Dupke

et al. 2020

Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg

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Purpose The purpose of this study was to estimate the effect of the mechanism of trauma (fall versus kick), rider demographics, equestrian experience, protective equipment, and whether or not a horse was shod on the anatomic site of a horse-related maxillofacial fracture, operating time, postoperative complication rate, and length of hospital stay. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients treated for horse-related maxillofacial fractures at a single institution in Germany between January 2000 and March 2015. We used linear and logistic regression to test the above-mentioned variables for statistical correlations. Results During the study period, we treated 138 horse-related facial fractures in 71 patients. The mean patient age was 34.5 years, and 80.3% of the injuries occurred in women. Most of the maxillofacial fractures were the result of a horse kick (71.8%) when unmounted and the majority occurred in more experienced riders (70.4%). There was a significant association of wearing of protective equipment with a shorter hospital stay and lower risk of postoperative complications. Conclusion More education is needed in the equestrian community regarding the use of protective equipment when unmounted. Safety helmets should be redesigned to include a faceguard and be worn at all times.

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Maxillofacial fractures sustained by unmounted equestrians

Cited by 20 publications

References 15 publications

Horse-related facial injuries: the perceptions and experiences of riding schools

Horse-related facial injuries: the perceptions and experiences of riding schools

Injury History in the Collegiate Equestrian Athlete: Part II: Head, Upper and Lower Extremities

Retrospective analysis of 15 years of horse-related maxillofacial fracture data at a major German trauma center

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