Maxillofacial injuries in military personnel treated at the Royal Centre for Defence Medicine June 2001 to December 2007

Breeze, John; Gibbons, Ann; Opie, Neil; Monaghan, A.

doi:10.1016/j.bjoms.2009.10.013

Cited by 38 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…3 There has been a dramatic increase in such injuries reported from the Iraq and Afghanistan conflicts 10-12 when compared with the 20th century, and Breeze et al found an increasing trend in the proportion of maxillofacial injuries from 2005 to 2007 in British military personnel. 13 Fragmentation injuries were the most common in Iranian veterans during the Iraq-Iran conflict, which confirms the study by Sadda who reported that fragmentation was responsible for 80% of maxillofacial injuries, followed by bullets (19.7%). 14 Bullets and fragments of mortar shells were the most common causes of maxillofacial injuries in the Iraq-Iran conflict according to Akhlaghi and AframianFarnad, 15 and Will et al reported that half the maxillofacial injuries in Iraq were caused by fragmentation after detonation of improvised explosive devices, 16 which is in agreement with the study by Breeze et al about the Iraq and Afghanistan conflicts.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Facial injuries in Iranian veterans during the Iraq–Iran war (1980–88): differences from recent conflicts

Khosravi

Akhavan

2015

British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Facial injuries in Iranian veterans during the Iraq–Iran war (1980–88): differences from recent conflicts

Khosravi

Akhavan

2015

British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

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“…Gesichtsverletzungen werden etwa 3-mal häufiger als Halsverletzungen zu behandeln sein [4]. Die häu-figsten Wundtypen sind Gesichtsweichteilverletzungen (etwa 60%) und meist offene Frakturen im Gesichtsschädelbereich ( [3,18,34], . Abb.…”

Section: Verletzungsmuster Und Körperregionunclassified

“…So sind 61-79% der Verletzungen im Kopf-Hals-Bereich durch die Einwirkung von Splitter im Rahmen eines Explosionsereignisses bedingt [3,18,23,27,34]. Bei penetrierenden Verletzungen allgemein (ohne Berücksichtigung einer bestimmten Körperregion) steigt dieser Anteil auf über 80% [19].…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…Bei penetrierenden Verletzungen allgemein (ohne Berücksichtigung einer bestimmten Körperregion) steigt dieser Anteil auf über 80% [19]. Dabei sind 9-27% der Verletzungen durch Gewehrschüsse bedingt ("gun shot wounds", GSW; [3,9,27]). Dieser Anteil ist extrem abhängig von Veränderungen der militärischen Situation, die das Verhält-nis der Verletzungsursachen sofort verändern kann.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

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Schuss- und Splitterverletzungen im Gesichts- und Halsbereich

Hauer

Huschitt²,

Kulla³

et al. 2011

HNO

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A basic understanding of the ballistic behaviour of projectiles or fragments after entering the human body is essential for the head and neck surgeon in the military environment in order to anticipate the diagnostic and therapeutic consequences of this type of injury. Although a large number of factors influence the missile in flight and after penetration of the body, the most important factor is the amount of energy transmitted to the tissue. Long guns (rifles or shotguns) have a much higher muzzle energy compared to handguns, explaining why the remote effects beyond the bullet track play a major role. While most full metal jacket bullets release their energy after 12-20 cm (depending on the calibre), soft point bullets release their energy immediately after entry into the human body. This results in a major difference in extremity wounds, but not so much in injuries with long bullet paths (e.g. diagonal shots). Shrapnel wounds are usually produced with similarly high kinetic energy to those caused by hand- and long guns. However, fragments tend to dissipate the entire amount of energy within the body, which increases the degree of tissue disruption. Of all relevant injuries in the head and neck region, soft tissue injuries make up the largest proportion (60%), while injuries to the face are seen three times more often than injuries to the neck. Concomitant intracranial or spinal injury is seen in 30% of cases. Due to high levels of wound contamination, the infection rate is approximately 15%, often associated with a complicated and/or multiresistant spectrum of germs.

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“…The rise in incidence of head, face and neck injuries from the twentieth to the twenty-first century is well documented 1,4,9,10 . Reviews from Iraq and Afghanistan since 2003 have reported rates of head, face and neck injuries between 21% 15 and 29% 9 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Management of maxillofacial wounds sustained by British service personnel in Afghanistan

Breeze

McVeigh

Lee

et al. 2011

International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

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Maxillofacial injuries in military personnel treated at the Royal Centre for Defence Medicine June 2001 to December 2007

Cited by 38 publications

References 13 publications

Facial injuries in Iranian veterans during the Iraq–Iran war (1980–88): differences from recent conflicts

Facial injuries in Iranian veterans during the Iraq–Iran war (1980–88): differences from recent conflicts

Schuss- und Splitterverletzungen im Gesichts- und Halsbereich

Management of maxillofacial wounds sustained by British service personnel in Afghanistan

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