Maxillofacial war injuries during the Iraq–Iran War

Blast Injury and the Human Skeleton: An Important Emerging Aspect of Conflict‐Related Trauma

“…Various studies examining the incidence of injuries following blast events have been conducted throughout the twentieth century in the context of domestic and international terrorism and warfare. Compiling these results provides a picture of the body areas where one can expect injuries to be located . Figure illustrates the statistics in these studies by demonstrating the percentage of victims with injuries to the five body regions in both civilian terrorism and combat situations.…”

Facial injuries in Iranian veterans during the Iraq–Iran war (1980–88): differences from recent conflicts

“…The body was the part affected most often, followed by the symphysis, and this again agrees with Sadda's study. 14 Lew et al (in a study on the battlefields of recent wars in Iraq and Afghanistan) also reported that the mandible was the part of the face most often injured, and they mentioned the prominence of the mandible in the facial skeleton together with the lack of protection as the main reasons. 18 Sadda also reported pure mandibular fractures as the most common facial injuries in 40% of their patients.…”

“…18 Sadda also reported pure mandibular fractures as the most common facial injuries in 40% of their patients. 14 Khan et al reported the mandible as the facial bone most often fractured in the armed forces in Pakistan, and they found that the body of mandible was the most involved part, followed by the angle. 19 Ocular injury was recorded in 19 of our patients with a mean score of 64.9 (12.9), among whom 2 had no perception of light and 86 had corrected visual acuity of better than 20/40.…”

Safety of Definitive In-Theater Repair of Facial Fractures

“…Previous wars have shown that an appropriately staffed hospital, efficient surgical techniques, and the presence of highly skilled specialists working as a team can provide excellent patient outcomes. 15 The addition of an otolaryngologist has significantly improved the care American military personnel are receiving in theater. 6 A multispecialty head and neck team without an otolaryngologist is devoid of the unique skills necessary to manage penetrating neck trauma, the acute airway, and reconstruct head and neck wounds.…”