Maximal aerobic power and anaerobic capacity in cycling across the age spectrum in male master athletes

Capelli, Carlo; Rittveger, J.; Bruseghini, Paolo; Calabria, Elisa; Tam, Enrico

doi:10.1007/s00421-016-3396-9

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Age-related declines in endurance and ultra-endurance performance have been well described in the literature for swimming (Tanaka and Seals, 2003; Zamparo et al, 2012; Ferreira et al, 2016; Knechtle et al, 2016), cycling (Balmer et al, 2008; Baker and Tang, 2010; Capelli et al, 2016), running (Leyk et al, 2007; Hoffman, 2008; Hoffman et al, 2010; Knechtle et al, 2012; Lepers and Cattagni, 2012), and triathlon (Baker and Tang, 2010; Bernard et al, 2010; Lepers and Maffiuletti, 2011; Stevenson et al, 2013, Lepers et al, 2013b). The age-related decline in (ultra)-endurance performance with advancing age depends on the discipline and on gender.…”

Section: Performances Of Master Athletes Improved At a Faster Rate Thmentioning

confidence: 80%

Master Athletes Are Extending the Limits of Human Endurance

Lepers

Stapley

2016

Front. Physiol.

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The increased participation of master athletes (i.e., >40 years old) in endurance and ultra-endurance events (>6 h duration) over the past few decades has been accompanied by an improvement in their performances at a much faster rate than their younger counterparts. Aging does however result in a decrease in overall endurance performance. Such age-related declines in performance depend upon the modes of locomotion, event duration, and gender of the participant. For example, smaller age-related declines in cycling performance than in running and swimming have been documented. The relative stability of gender differences observed across the ages suggests that the age-related declines in physiological function did not differ between males and females. Among the main physiological determinants of endurance performance, the maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) appears to be the parameter that is most altered by age. Exercise economy and the exercise intensity at which a high fraction of VO2max can be sustained (i.e., lactate threshold), seem to decline to a lesser extent with advancing age. The ability to maintain a high exercise-training stimulus with advancing age is emerging as the single most important means of limiting the rate of decline in endurance performance. By constantly extending the limits of (ultra)-endurance, master athletes therefore represent an important insight into the ability of humans to maintain physical performance and physiological function with advancing age.

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Section: Performances Of Master Athletes Improved At a Faster Rate Thmentioning

confidence: 80%

Master Athletes Are Extending the Limits of Human Endurance

Lepers

Stapley

2016

Front. Physiol.

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“…The PPT was added to quantify cycling performance during XCO-typical load periods of 10 -300 s [3,13,27]. Especially during very high-intensity and maximal efforts (as demanded by PPT), exercise capacity may also be limited by the amount of energy obtained from the anaerobic energy storage [5]. Nevertheless MAP, similar to maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max ), is one of the most important physiological variables correlated with endurance and maximal performances [16].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictive Ability of a Laboratory Performance Test in Mountain Bike Cross-country Olympic Athletes

et al. 2019

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Mountain bike Cross-Country Olympic (XCO) has an intermittent performance profile, underlining the importance of anaerobic metabolism. Traditional performance tests in cycling primarily quantify aerobic metabolism and inadequately meet the demands in XCO. The aim was therefore to validate a specific test that quantifies these requirements by means of an XCO race.Twenty-three competitive XCO athletes (17.9±3.6 years) performed a previously developed performance test and an XCO race within one week. Correlations between individual anaerobic threshold (IAT), 4 mmol lactate threshold (LT4), maximal aerobic power (MAP), maximal effort time trials (TT) for 10–300 s and mean power output of the race (POR) were calculated. In addition, a multiple regression model of the predictive value of the test was calculated.Variables correlated significantly (p<.01) with POR: IAT (r=.81), LT4 (r=0.79), MAP (r=0.91), TT10 (r=0.75), TT30 (r=0.85), TT60 (r=0.84) and TT300 (r=0.86). In the regression model, sex and body mass were set influencing variables (R²adj.=0.70), whereby MAP had the highest correlation with POR and significantly improved the predictive value of the model (R²adj.=0.86).The high correlation of collected performance variables with POR indicated the MTB-PT’s additional benefit for performance testing in XCO because it is specific but very feasible.

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“…Kryger reported that resistance training by women at an advanced age could increase skeletal muscle mass and muscle strength [7]. More recently, the effects of habitual exercise have also been studied [8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Habitual Aerobic Exercise Diminishes the Effects of Sarcopenia in Senescence-Accelerated Mice Prone8 Model

et al. 2020

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Loss of muscle mass and strength are progressing with aging. Exercise is a beneficial method to prevent physical dysfunction, and habitual exercise can improve the muscle quality. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of long-term habitual exercise’s impact on sarcopenia utilizing the senescence-accelerated mice prone8 (SAMP8) model. Notably, 27 w SAMP8 were used in this study. Mice were classified into 28 (28 w) and 44 weeks old. The 44-week group was divided into the sedentary group (44 w) and a group exercising for 16 weeks (44 w + Ex). The 44 w + Ex performed habitual exercise from 28 to 44 weeks. Additionally, grip strength tests were performed with mice aged 28 and 44 weeks. Muscles were harvested and measured muscle weight at 44 w. Gastrocnemius decreased in 44 w, but was unchanged in 44 w + Ex. There was a trend for lower muscle grip strength in the 44 w group, but there was no change in 44 w + Ex. The phosphorylation levels of Akt and p70S6K as a protein synthesis marker were decreased in 44 w. Cytochrome c oxidase subunit IV (CoxIV) mRNA and protein levels decreased in 44 w. These results suggested that long-term habitual exercise attenuates muscle mass and strength decline, possibly through maintenance of muscle protein synthesis and mitochondrial maintenance.

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Maximal aerobic power and anaerobic capacity in cycling across the age spectrum in male master athletes

Cited by 17 publications

References 64 publications

Master Athletes Are Extending the Limits of Human Endurance

Master Athletes Are Extending the Limits of Human Endurance

Predictive Ability of a Laboratory Performance Test in Mountain Bike Cross-country Olympic Athletes

Habitual Aerobic Exercise Diminishes the Effects of Sarcopenia in Senescence-Accelerated Mice Prone8 Model

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