Maximal energy transport through disordered media with the implementation of transmission eigenchannels

Kim, Moonseok; Choi, Youngwoon; Yoon, Chang-Ju; Choi, Wonjun; Kim, Jaisoon; Park, Q-Han

doi:10.1038/nphoton.2012.159

Cited by 254 publications

(213 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The potential applications range from photovoltaics [7,8] In recent years there have been numerous theoretical and experimental studies on transmission eigenchannels [5,[13][14][15][16][17]. While they can be deduced from the measured transmission matrix [18][19][20][21], it is difficult to directly probe their spatial profiles inside three-dimensional (3D) random media. So far, the open and closed channels are observed only with acoustic wave inside a two-dimensional (2D) disordered waveguide [22], but controlling the energy density distribution has not been realized due to lack of an efficient wavefront modulator for acoustic wave or microwave.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The advantage for optical wave is the availability of spatial light modulator (SLM) with many degrees of freedom, however, the commonly used samples in the optics experiment have an open slab geometry, making it impossible to control all input modes due to finite numerical aperture of the imaging optics. The incomplete control dramatically weakens the open channels [23], although a notable enhancement of total transmission has been achieved [20,24]. Furthermore, an enhancement of total energy stored inside a 3D scattering sample is reported [25], but direct probe and control of light intensity distribution inside the scattering medium are still missing.…”

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Control of Energy Density inside a Disordered Medium by Coupling to Open or Closed Channels

et al. 2016

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We demonstrate experimentally an efficient control of light intensity distribution inside a random scattering system. The adaptive wavefront shaping technique is applied to a silicon waveguide containing scattering nanostructures, and the on-chip coupling scheme enables access to all input spatial modes. By selectively coupling the incident light to open or closed channels of the disordered system, we not only vary the total energy stored inside the system by 7.4 times, but also change the energy density distribution from an exponential decay to a linear decay and to a profile peaked near the center. This work provides an on-chip platform for controlling light-matter interactions in turbid media.PACS numbers: 42.25. Bs, 42.25.Dd, It has long been known that in disordered media there are many fascinating counter-intuitive effects resulting from interferences of multiply scattered waves [1,2]. One of them is the creation of transmission eigenchannels which can be broadly classified as open and closed [3,4]. Existence of high-transmission (open) channels allows an optimally prepared coherent input beam transmitting through a lossless diffusive medium with order unity efficiency. Opposite to that, waves injected to lowtransmission (closed) channels can barely penetrate the medium and are mostly reflected instead. In general, the penetration depth and energy density distribution of multiply scattered waves inside a disordered medium are determined by the spatial profiles of the transmission eigenchannels that are excited by the incident light. The distinct spatial profiles of open and closed channels suggest that selective coupling of incident light to these channels enables an effective control of total transmission and energy distribution inside the random medium [5,6]. Since the energy density determines the light-matter interactions inside a scattering system, manipulating its spatial distribution opens the door to tailoring optical excitations as well as linear and nonlinear optical processes such as absorption, emission, amplification, and frequency mixing inside turbid media. The potential applications range from photovoltaics [7,8] In recent years there have been numerous theoretical and experimental studies on transmission eigenchannels [5,[13][14][15][16][17]. While they can be deduced from the measured transmission matrix [18][19][20][21], it is difficult to directly probe their spatial profiles inside three-dimensional (3D) random media. So far, the open and closed channels are observed only with acoustic wave inside a two-dimensional (2D) disordered waveguide [22], but controlling the energy density distribution has not been realized due to lack of an efficient wavefront modulator for acoustic wave or microwave. The advantage for optical wave is the availability of spatial light modulator (SLM) with many degrees of freedom, however, the commonly used samples in the optics experiment have an open slab geometry, making it impossible to control all input modes due to finite numerical aperture of the imaging...

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Control of Energy Density inside a Disordered Medium by Coupling to Open or Closed Channels

et al. 2016

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“…왜곡된 평면파들의 집합은 입사파와 출력파 사이의 관계를 나 타내는 투과행렬의 구성요소이다 [5][6][7] 실험적으로는 물체가 없는 상태에서 불균질 매질에 각도별로 입사하는 평면파의 투과 패 턴을 기록함으로써 투과행렬을 얻을 수 있다. 이나 Psaltis 그룹 …”

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Optical Imaging Using a Scattering Lens

Yoon¹,

Choi²,

Kim³

et al. 2014

Phys. High Tech.

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"Turbidity" caused by multiple light scattering distorts the propagation of waves and, thus, undermines optical imaging.For example, translucent biological tissues exhibiting optical turbidity have posed limitations on the imaging depth and energy transmission. Here, we introduce a novel method called turbid lens imaging (TLI) that records the transmission matrix of a scattering medium and characterizes the input-output response of the medium. The knowledge of this transmission matrix allows us to find an incident wave from the distorted transmitted wave. Therefore, the transmission matrix converts the highly complex medium into useful imaging optics. We demonstrate that the image distortion caused by a scattering medium can be eliminated by using a transmission matrix and that a clean object image can be retrieved as a result. We extend TLI to imaging through a multimode optical fiber, which is also a scattering medium, and demonstrate endoscopic imaging by using a single multimode optical fiber itself as a lens. Our method of using multiple light scattering will lay the foundation for advancing optical bio-imaging methods.

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“…The transmission of waves through a disordered material is fully characterized by the transmission matrix, t, whose elements t ba are the field transmission coefficients between complete sets of N orthogonal propagating channels on each side of the sample [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33] . For an incident field in channel a, E a, the transmitted field in channel b, E b , can be expressed as the sum of the coherent field, with the same intensity pattern as the incident field, and a random field, which is uncorrelated with E a , E b = E coherent +E random = 〈t ba 〉E a δ ab +δE b .…”

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Diffusion in Translucent Media

Genack

Shi

2018

Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

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Diffusion is the result of repeated random scattering. It governs a wide range of phenomena from Brownian motion, to heat flow through window panes, neutron flux in fuel rods, dispersion of light in human tissue, and electronic conduction. It is universally acknowledged that the diffusion approach to describing wave transport fails in translucent samples thinner than the distance between scattering events such as are encountered in meteorology, astronomy, biomedicine, and communications. Here we show in optical measurements and numerical simulations that the scaling of transmission and the intensity profiles of transmission eigenchannels have the same form in translucent as in opaque media. Paradoxically, the similarities in transport across translucent and opaque samples explain the puzzling observations of suppressed optical and ultrasonic delay times relative to predictions of diffusion theory well into the diffusive regime.

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Maximal energy transport through disordered media with the implementation of transmission eigenchannels

Cited by 254 publications

References 26 publications

Control of Energy Density inside a Disordered Medium by Coupling to Open or Closed Channels

Control of Energy Density inside a Disordered Medium by Coupling to Open or Closed Channels

Optical Imaging Using a Scattering Lens

Diffusion in Translucent Media

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