Maximal heart rate and treadmill performance of healthy women in relation to age.

Sheffield, L T; Maloof, John A.; Sawyer, J A; Roitman, D

doi:10.1161/01.cir.57.1.79

Cited by 82 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Together with the fact that HR based on standard exercise stress tests overestimates training intensity in young 23 and elderly subjects alike 24 when compared with exercise prescription concomitantly according to increasing exercise intensity during GXT, beginning with a mean value of 69.1 bpm (at rest) and reaching 145.5, on average, at exhaustion. This HR behavior during graded exercise is well-established in the literature, both in young and elderly subjects 15,16 . Some factors influence HR increase during physical exercise, which is indeed all-important for enhancing cardiac output to meet active muscle oxygen demand 20 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

“…The "220 -age" equation is generally erroneously linked to Karvonen 6 ; however, its original publication is not exactly known. Nonetheless, this is probably the most used strategy for HRmax prediction, including in studies involving subjects of both genders [15][16][17][18] .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In fact, HRmax has shown to be inversely related to age during exercise treadmill test performed by 95 subjects between 19 and 69 years of age 15 . The results of the present study confirm this chronotropism decrease, since a negative and significant correlation was observed between this variable and volunteers' age.…”

Section: Fig 1 -Relationship Between Measured Hrmax and That Estimatmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Freqüência cardíaca máxima em idosas brasileiras: uma comparação entre valores medidos e previstos

Silva¹,

Bottaro²,

Justino³

et al. 2007

Arq. Bras. Cardiol.

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SummaryObjective: This study sought to compare maximum heart rate (HRmax) values measured during a graded exercise test (GXT) with those calculated from prediction equations in Brazilian elderly women.Methods: A treadmill maximal graded exercise test in accordance with the modified Bruce protocol was used to obtain reference values for maximum heart rate (HRmax) in 93 elderly women (mean age 67.1 ± 5.16). Measured values were compared with those estimated from the "220 -age" and Tanaka et al formulas using repeated-measures ANOVA. Correlation and agreement between measured and estimated values were tested. Also evaluated was the correlation between measured HRmax and volunteers' age.Results: Results were as follows: 1) mean HRmax reached during GXT was 145.5 ± 12,5 beats per minute (bpm); 2) both the "220 -age" and Tanaka et al (2001) equations significantly overestimated (p < 0.001) HRmax by a mean difference of 7.4 and 15.5 bpm, respectively. 3) age was significantly (p < 0,001) and inversely related to measured HRmax.Conclusion: Based on these results, it can be concluded that both prediction equations significantly overestimated HRmax measured during maximal GXT in Brazilian elderly women, a finding that may have important implications when prescribing exercise intensity for this population. In addition, HRmax was inversely related to the volunteers' age, suggesting that the chronotropic reserve continues to decline after age 60.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fig 1 -Relationship Between Measured Hrmax and That Estimatmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Freqüência cardíaca máxima em idosas brasileiras: uma comparação entre valores medidos e previstos

Silva¹,

Bottaro²,

Justino³

et al. 2007

Arq. Bras. Cardiol.

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“…However, the validity of this maximal HR equation has been questioned in both sexes. 14,31 This equation was proposed by a review from Fox and Haskell, 1 which was based on 10 studies of men, where no one was older than 65 years, there was no exclusion based on ␤ blocker use, and the studies varied in terms of inclusion of persons with established cardiovascular disease, all of which can affect maximal HR response to exercise. 32 There is a small number of prior studies examining the association of age and peak HR achieved with exercise stress testing in women.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…12 The peak HR achieved with maximal stress testing is influenced by age and sex, although the actual predicted HR for age in women remains relatively poorly defined. 3,5,13,14 The purpose of this study was to describe the chronotropic response to maximal exercise stress testing in a large cohort of asymptomatic, low-risk women, with the aim at characterizing a "normal" response. In addition, a variety of chronotropic measures were examined for their prognostic ability in terms of predicting both all-cause mortality and cardiac mortality.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Heart Rate Response to Exercise Stress Testing in Asymptomatic Women

et al. 2010

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Background-The definition of a normal heart rate (HR) response to exercise stress testing in women is poorly understood,given that most studies describing a normative response were predominately based on male data. Measures of an attenuated HR response (chronotropic incompetence) and age-predicted HR have not been validated in asymptomatic women. We investigated the association between HR response to exercise testing and age with prognosis in 5437 asymptomatic women. Methods and Results-Participants underwent a symptom-limited maximal stress test in 1992. HR reserve (change in HR from rest to peak), chronotropic index, and age-predicted peak HR were calculated. Deaths were identified to December 31, 2008. Mean age at baseline was 52Ϯ11 years, with 549 deaths (10%) over 15.9Ϯ2.2 years. Mean peak HR was inversely associated with age; mean peak HRϭ206 -0.88(age). After adjusting for exercise capacity and traditional cardiac risk factors, risk of death was reduced by 3% for every 1-beat-per-minute increase in peak HR, and by 2% for every 1-beat-per-minute increase in HR reserve (PϽ0.001). Inability to achieve 85% age-predicted HR was not an independent predictor of mortality, but being Ն1 SD below the mean predicted HR or a chronotropic index Ͻ0.80 based on the prediction model established by this cohort were independent predictors of mortality (PϽ0.001 and Pϭ0.023, respectively). Conclusions-Chronotropic incompetence is associated with an increased risk of death in asymptomatic women; however, the traditional male-based calculation overestimates the maximum HR for age in women. Sex-specific parameters of physiological HR response to exercise should be incorporated into clinical practice. Key Words: heart rate Ⅲ mortality Ⅲ exercise Ⅲ exercise test Ⅲ women T he definition of a normal response to exercise stress testing in women is poorly understood, given that most studies describing normative response were predominantly based on male data. [1][2][3][4] In particular, the normal heart rate (HR) response to exercise in women has not been well described. Previous studies in asymptomatic men and referral populations of both men and women have demonstrated that an attenuated HR response to exercise stress testing is an independent predictor of mortality and coronary disease. [5][6][7][8][9][10]

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Chronotropic incompetence—part i: Normal regulation of the heart rate

Fei

1996

Clinical Cardiology

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Knowledge of normal adjustment of heart rate and its response to exercise is essential for understanding and management of chronotropic incompetence. The autonomic nervous system plays an important role in the modulation of normal heart rate. Chronotropic responses of a normal heart to exercise are associated with parallel hemodynamic changes in order to meet the metabolic demand of the body. Determination of chronotropic incompetence is widely based on the assessment of maximal heart rate. However, maximal effort should always be confirmed before an attempt to measure a maximal heart rate is made.

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Maximal heart rate and treadmill performance of healthy women in relation to age.

Cited by 82 publications

References 20 publications

Freqüência cardíaca máxima em idosas brasileiras: uma comparação entre valores medidos e previstos

Freqüência cardíaca máxima em idosas brasileiras: uma comparação entre valores medidos e previstos

Heart Rate Response to Exercise Stress Testing in Asymptomatic Women

Chronotropic incompetence—part i: Normal regulation of the heart rate

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