Maximal sustained energy budgets in humans and animals

Hammond, Kimberly A.; Diamond, Jared M.

doi:10.1038/386457a0

Cited by 467 publications

(461 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Limits to SusEI are important because they affect all aspects of animal performance, including reproduction (Drent and Daan, 1980;Hammond and Diamond, 1997). Here, we showed that FI AS (=SusEI) and MEO during lactation were related between mothers and biological daughters, and this reflected genetic factors rather than maternal effects during lactation -although maternal effects during pregnancy could not be separated from genetic effects using our protocols.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…adipose tissue) (Drent and Daan, 1980;Peterson et al, 1990;Weiner, 1992). SusEI is an important parameter because it may provide an upper bound that constrains many aspects of animal performance, like reproductive output, migration behaviour and thermoregulatory capabilities (Drent and Daan, 1980;Hammond and Diamond, 1997;Johnson et al, 2001a;Piersma, 2011;Speakman and Król, 2005a). To date, much research has focused on finding the factors that might impose intrinsic physiological limits on maximum SusEI.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Limits to sustained energy intake. XIV. Heritability of reproductive performance in mice

Vaanholt

Sinclair

Speakman

2013

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYLimits to sustained energy intake (SusEI) are important because they constrain many aspects of animal performance. Individual variability in SusEI may be imposed by genetic factors that are inherited from parents to offspring. Here, we investigated heritability of reproductive performance in MF1 mice. Food intake, milk energy output (MEO) and litter mass were measured in mothers (F 0 ) and daughters (F 1 ) that were raising litters of 10 pups. Cross-fostering was designed so that half of each litter consisted of biological offspring and the rest came from one unrelated female (i.e. fostered pups). Food intake increased linearly during early lactation and reached a plateau during late lactation (day 9-13, called the asymptotic food intake, FI AS , equivalent to SusEI). Parent-offspring regression showed that FI AS , MEO and litter mass were all positively and significantly related between mothers and their biological daughters, but no significant relationships were found between the same traits for mothers and fostered daughters. FI AS at peak lactation was significantly correlated to adult food intake and body mass when the mice were 6months old and not lactating. In conclusion, a large part of the variation in FI AS could be explained by genetic variation or maternal effects in pregnancy whereas non-genetic maternal effects in lactation were negligible. As a consequence, biological daughters of mothers with high reproductive performance (i.e. high milk production and hence higher litter mass at weaning) had a better reproductive performance themselves, independent of the mother that raised them during lactation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Limits to sustained energy intake. XIV. Heritability of reproductive performance in mice

Vaanholt

Sinclair

Speakman

2013

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…SusMR is presumed to be limited by an animal's morphology. A big gut, and associated organs (such as the liver) that can process energy faster, makes more energy available to support SusMR but also requires a greater amount of maintenance (BMR) (Drent and Daan, 1980;Hammond and Diamond, 1992;Hammond and Diamond, 1997;Peterson et al, 1990;Weiner, 1989;Weiner, 1992). Therefore, an individual with a higher BMR will have greater capacity for SusMR and, if available energy is unlimited, they may be able to sustain greater reproductive output.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between basal metabolic rate and reproductive performance in C57BL/6J mice

Johnston¹,

Souter²,

Erwin³

et al. 2007

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARY Basal metabolic rate (BMR) is highly variable, both between and within species. One hypothesis is that this variation may be linked to the capacity for sustained rate of energy expenditure, leading to associations between high BMR and performance during energy-demanding periods of life history, such as reproduction. However, despite the attractive nature of this hypothesis,previous studies have failed to show an association between BMR and fecundity. Our approach was to mate 304 C57BL/6J mice and allow them to wean pups before measuring BMR by indirect calorimetry. We did not find an association between BMR and litter mass, size or pup mass at birth or weaning that could not be accounted for by the body mass of the dam. There was also no relationship between BMR (or BMR corrected for body mass) and birth or weaning success,losses during weaning, or sex ratio. However, a significant relationship was found between BMR and gestational weight loss indicative of foetal resorption. This suggests that during pregnancy the available energy may be limited and partitioned away from the growing foetus and towards maintenance of the mother. In this context, a high BMR may actually be disadvantageous,conflicting with the idea that high BMR may bring reproductive benefits.

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“…Cold-blooded reptiles (ϳ10 4 ) have ⌽ m values higher than globally averaged plants (ϳ10 3 ), warm-blooded mammals typically more (ϳ5 ϫ 10 4 ); examining animal life with finer scale, sedentary humans (ϳ2 ϫ 10 4 ) have less ⌽ m than for laboring humans (ϳ6 ϫ 10 4 ), which, in turn, have less than bicycling humans (ϳ10 5 ), and so on [20]. Starting with life's precursor molecules (the realm of chemical evolution) and all the way up to human brains exemplifying the most complex clump of matter known (neurological evolution), the same general trend characterizes plants and animals as for stars and planets: The greater the apparent complexity of the system, the greater the flow of free energy density through that system-either to build it, or to maintain it, or both.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Complexity: An energetics agenda

Chaisson

2004

Complexity

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Maximal sustained energy budgets in humans and animals

Abstract: Why are sustained energy budgets of humans and other vertebrates limited to not more than about seven times resting metabolic rate? The answer to this question has potential applications to growth rates, foraging ecology, biogeography, plant metabolism, burn patients and sports medicine.

Cited by 467 publications

References 37 publications

Limits to sustained energy intake. XIV. Heritability of reproductive performance in mice

Limits to sustained energy intake. XIV. Heritability of reproductive performance in mice

Associations between basal metabolic rate and reproductive performance in C57BL/6J mice

Complexity: An energetics agenda

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