Maximal Voluntary Breath-Holding Tele-Inspiratory Test in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Abstract

Maximal voluntary inspiratory breath-holding time (MVIBHT) has proved to be of clinical utility in some obstructive ventilatory defects. This study aims to correlate the breath-holding time with pulmonary function tests in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and to determine the feasibility of using a breath-holding test in assessing the severity of COPD. A cross-sectional study including male patients with stable COPD were conducted. Patients with respiratory comorbidities and severe or unstable cardiac diseases were excluded. Patients were interviewed and examined. Six-minute walk test (6MWT) and plethysmography were performed.For MVIBHT collection, the subject was asked to inspire deeply and to hold the breath as long as possible at the maximum inspiratory level. This maneuver was repeated three times. The best value was used for further analysis. A total of 79 patients (mean age: 64.2 ± 8) were included in this study. The mean value of MVIBHT was 24.2 ± 8.5 s. We identified a positive and significant correlations between MVIBHT and forced vital capacity ( r = .630; p < .001) as well as MVIBHT and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1%) ( r = .671; p < .001). A significant inverse correlation with total lung capacity ( r = −.328; p = .019) and residual volume to total lung capacity ratio ( r = −.607; p < .001) was noted. MVIBHT was significantly correlated to the distance in the 6MWT ( r = .494; p < .001). The mean MVIBHT was significantly different within spirometric grades ( p < .001) and GOLD groups ( p = .002). At 20.5 s, MVIBHT had a sensitivity of 72% and specificity of 96% in determining COPD patients with FEV1 <50%. Our results provide additional evidence of the usefulness of MVIBHT in COPD patients as a pulmonary function parameter.

Aerosol Plumes of Inhalers Used in COPD

“…Most particles of 0–1 μm diffuse by Brownian motion and deposit when they collide with the airway wall, highlighting the importance of the breath-hold after inhalation to enhance deposition in the peripheral airways [ 7 ]. As disease severity worsens, maximal breath-holding time reduces [ 37 ], which, in turn, limits the lung deposition of the smaller drug particles and emphasizes the importance of optimizing breath-holding technique, especially for effective DPI use [ 7 , 38 ].…”

Free‐breathing accelerated whole‐body MRI using an automated workflow: Comparison with conventional breath‐hold sequences

“…24 In this context, breath-holding is particularly challenging for patients with underlying respiratory insufficiency because of heart failure or advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. 51 Another advantage of free-breathing sequences is the potential error reduction in assessing structures and pathologies of the body resulting from inconsistencies between breath-hold positions. Moreover, free-breathing sequences can decrease the need for sedation, reducing the risk of adverse neurologic outcomes in frequently anesthetized children.…”

“…Free‐breathing MR protocols represent an elegant solution considering the non‐negligible number of patients who cannot hold their breath or follow instructions, such as children or severely ill patients 24 . In this context, breath‐holding is particularly challenging for patients with underlying respiratory insufficiency because of heart failure or advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 51 . Another advantage of free‐breathing sequences is the potential error reduction in assessing structures and pathologies of the body resulting from inconsistencies between breath‐hold positions.…”

Enhancing Respiratory Function and Cardiovascular Endurance through Intensive Yogic Intervention: A Comprehensive Study

“…Breath-holding time, a metric measuring respiratory endurance and lung efficiency, has been widely explored in various contexts. Ideguchi et al (2021) and Hedhli et al (2021) found that individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exhibit shorter breath-holding times compared to healthy counterparts. Additionally, studies such as Yildiz et al (2020) have utilized breath-holding time to investigate the impact of stroke and aging on lung function.…”