Maximising the Use of Horizontal Well Data in the Structural Framework of the Reservoir Modelling Workflow: A Case Study of a Middle East Carbonate Reservoir

Abstract

This paper summarizes an efficient workflow for building a reliable static model reference case by improving the accuracy of well placement in a hydrocarbon bearing structure. This is beneficial in optimising upcoming well target position and trajectory planning as well as during the dynamic history matching process. In a non-operated venture, the ability to generate an up-to-date static model that maintains pace with operations, provides valuable insight to advise the operator on the upcoming drilling plan and continuously supports the dynamic model for reserves booking, is highly sought after. The systematic approach described in this paper is applied to a geo-model from a Middle East carbonate reservoir consisting of over 50 wells with good quality PSDM seismic data. The workflow presented begins with seismic mapping, utilizing volume-based modelling techniques, followed by structural element correction using borehole images (e.g. structural formation dip and true stratigraphic thickness estimate) and finally introduces alternative control points, which enable drilled wellbore trajectories to be structurally anchored, based on layer thicknesses and structural trends within the target reservoir. Using this approach it is possible to generate a consistent structural model that honours geological markers, measured dip ranges and structural trends seen from seismic data and image logs. During the process one learns more about data quality (e.g. scale of data resolution and depth of investigation), associated with specific fields and carbonate reservoirs through the interaction between geological, geophysical and petrophysical disciplines and ensures their correct use. Data are used to improve the raw interpreted seismic horizons by calibrating mapped thickness distribution against the well tops. 2D visualizations are generated on a well-by-well basis, including map views, curtain sections (along each horizontal well), composite cross-sections and 3D visualizations to show inter-well relationships within different geological layers. As a result the well is placed in the correct structural position. Correct well placement, especially of highly deviated/horizontal wells, provides more accurate identification of reservoir sweet spots, leading to improved well target position and trajectory planning for upcoming wells, and a robust baseline to achieve production/well test history match during the dynamic modelling process.