Maximizing Electrical Power Saving Using Capacitors Optimal Placement

Abstract

Background: Low power factor is regarded as one of the most dedicated issues in large scale inductive power networks, because of the lost energy in term of a reactive power. Accordingly, installing capacitors in the network improves the power factor and hence decreases the reactive power. Methods and Objectives: This paper presents an approach to maximize the saving in terms of financial costs, energy resources, environmental protection, and also to enhance the power system efficiency. Moreover, the proposed technique tends to avoid the penalties imposed over the electricity bill (in the case of the power factor drops below the permissible limit.), by applying a proposed method that consists of two stages: The first stage determines the optimal amount of compensating capacitors by using a suggested analytical method. The second stage employs a statistical approach to assess the reduction in energy losses resulting from the capacitors placement in each of the network nodes. Accordingly, the expected beneficiaries from improving the power factor are mainly large inductive networks such as large scale factories and industrial field. A numerical example is explained in useful detail to show the effectiveness and simplicity of the proposed approach and how it works. Results: The proposed technique tends to minimize the energy losses resulted from the reactive power compensation, release the penalties imposed on electricity bills due to the low power factor. The numerical examples show that the saved cost resulted from improving the power factor, and energy loss reduction is around 10.94 % per month from the total electricity bill. Conclusion: The proposed technique to install capacitors has significant benefits and effective power consumption improvement when the cost of the imposed penalty is regarded as high. The trade-off in this technique is between the cost of the installed capacitors and the saving gained from the compensation.

Economic evaluation of induction motor based on motor’s nameplate data and initial cost

“…The monthly equivalent working hours T(w/m)eq. (also known as maximum load utilization time) is presented in [24]- [27] and can be calculated as in (19). Also, the relation between T(w/m)eq.…”

“…to minimum value ∆P(min. ), as depicted in Figure 2, [24]. Where the areas under the curve of the dotted and straight lines are equals.…”

Optimized Economic Loading of Distribution Transformers Using Minimum Energy Loss Computing

“…In equation (22), the values of T eq and τ are still unknown. However, T eq is determined in the following clause (4) of this section.…”

“…However, T eq is determined in the following clause (4) of this section. [20][21][22] which determines the equivalent working hours per month (T (w/m)eq ) (also called maximum load utilization time), the expression of T (w/m)eq is shown in the following equation:…”

“…However, the ELDT for two shifts and that for three shifts are similar; the difference is only in calculating the time of T eq and τ. e results for the work in shifts system are presented in Table 3. However, when neglecting the effect of T eq time and τ in (22), the ELDT reduces to 511 [kVA] for this transformer.…”