Maximum dry density of sand–kaolin mixtures predicted by using fine content and specific gravity

Alshameri, Badee

doi:10.1007/s42452-020-03481-9

Cited by 17 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…This is because if the distillation is carried out at high temperatures, then the amount of water accompanying the alcohol will also be more and vice versa so that the density of the distillate will also be high. As is known, specific gravity is the ratio between the specific gravity of alcohol and the specific gravity of water at the same temperature (Alshameri, 2020).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Calorific Value and Specific Gravity of Breadfruit Peel Bioalcohol (Artocarpus Altilis) as an Alternative Fuel at Various Distillation Temperatures

Tira,

Mirmanto,

Iwanuddin

et al. 2023

jppipa, pendidikan ipa, fisika, biologi, kimia

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The objective of this study was to investigate how distillation temperature affected the specific gravity (SG) and calorific value of bioalcohol derived from breadfruit peels (Artocarpus altilis) as an alternative fuel. The process of producing bioethanol from breadfruit peels begins with pretreatment of the peels, followed by hydrolysis with hydrochloric acid, fermentation, and finally distillation. The hydrolysis process used 20% hydrochloric acid in a volume of 25 ml, and the fermentation took 6 days with a mass of 30 gr of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The distillation process lasted two hours, with temperatures varying between 70, 80, and 90°C. This study yielded the highest alcohol content of 72.80% at 70°C and the highest volume of bioalcohol of 35.67 ml at 90°C. Meanwhile, the best Specific Gravity (SG) at 70°C was 0.8393. Furthermore, the calorific value test results revealed that the calorific value increased with increasing alcohol content. The highest calorific value obtained was 23003.406 J/gr, which was close to the ethanol calorific value of 29700 J/gr, while the lowest calorific value obtained was 22339.008 J/gr at a distillation temperature of 90°C

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Calorific Value and Specific Gravity of Breadfruit Peel Bioalcohol (Artocarpus Altilis) as an Alternative Fuel at Various Distillation Temperatures

Tira,

Mirmanto,

Iwanuddin

et al. 2023

jppipa, pendidikan ipa, fisika, biologi, kimia

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“…In Alshameri's [19] experiment, he used a mixture of sand and kaolin at different percentages. In his study, a mixture of 80% sand and 20% kaolin yielded the highest dry density, with an OMC of 12%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Dry Density and Moisture Content on the Kaolin–Brass Interfacial Shear Adhesion

Almasoudi,

Abuel-Naga,

Daghistani

2023

Applied Sciences

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Kaolin clay, with its consistent properties, fine particle size, high surface area, and extensive historical use, stands out as a reliable choice for laboratory research. This study aims to assess the interface shear adhesion behaviour between compacted clay and a metallic surface. For this purpose, a new testing approach was developed. The proposed method is simple, requires neither advanced equipment nor specialised test procedures, and, thus, represents an improvement over existing practices in this field. The experimental program focuses on determining the interface shear adhesion strength between reconstituted kaolin clay and a metallic surface. The kaolin clay testing specimens were dynamically compacted at various energy levels and moisture contents. The results indicate that the optimum moisture content is 30%, which provides the highest density to the sample and divides the compaction curve into dry and wet sides. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that the interface shear adhesion strength increases with the clay’s dry density. Conversely, there is a significant decrease in strength as the moisture content specifically rises on the wet side of the compaction curve. The adhesion behaviour was also attributed to matric suction, where high suction enhanced interfacial adhesion, while low suction weakened bonding and diminished adhesion. Additionally, this study presents a unique three-dimensional contour graph illustrating the combined effects of dry density and moisture content on the interfacial adhesion.

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“…The findings indicated that an increment in C F correspondingly results in a diminished ρ dmax , while concurrently elevating the w opt . In another study, sand-kaolin blends were compressed to investigate the connection between ρ dmax , C F , and specific gravity (Gs) across different moisture levels, with C F ranging from 20% to 70% [66]. A prominent linear correlation (R 2 = 0.99) was found between ρ dmax and the C F /Gs 2 ratio.…”

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confidence: 99%

Utilizing Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS) for Precise Estimation of Soil Compaction Parameters

Abed,

Kadhim,

Almusawi

et al. 2023

Applied Sciences

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Traditional laboratory methods for estimating soil compaction parameters, such as the Proctor test, have been recognized as time-consuming and labor-intensive. Given the increasing need for the rapid and accurate estimation of soil compaction parameters for a range of geotechnical applications, the application of machine learning models offers a promising alternative. This study focuses on employing the multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS) model algorithm, a machine learning method that presents a significant advantage over other models through generating human-understandable piecewise linear equations. The MARS model was trained and tested on a comprehensive dataset to predict essential soil compaction parameters, including optimum water content (wopt) and maximum dry density (ρdmax). The performance of the model was evaluated using coefficient of determination (R2) and root mean square error (RMSE) values. Remarkably, the MARS models showed excellent predictive ability with high R2 and low RMSE, MAE, and relative error values, indicating its robustness and reliability in predicting soil compaction parameters. Through rigorous five-fold cross-validation, the model’s predictions for wopt returned an RMSE of 1.948%, an R2 of 0.893, and an MAE of 1.498%. For ρdmax, the results showcased an RMSE of 0.064 Mg/m3, an R2 of 0.899, and an MAE of 0.050 Mg/m3. When evaluated on unseen data, the model’s performance for wopt prediction was marked with an MAE of 1.276%, RMSE of 1.577%, and R2 of 0.948. Similarly, for ρdmax, the predictions were characterized by an MAE of 0.047 Mg/m3, RMSE of 0.062 Mg/m3, and R2 of 0.919. The results also indicated that the MARS model outperformed previously developed machine learning models, suggesting its potential to replace conventional testing methods. The successful application of the MARS model could revolutionize the geotechnical field through providing quick and reliable predictions of soil compaction parameters, improving efficiency for construction projects. Lastly, a variable importance analysis was performed on the model to assess how input variables affect its outcomes. It was found that fine content (Cf) and plastic limit (PL) have the greatest impact on compaction parameters.

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Maximum dry density of sand–kaolin mixtures predicted by using fine content and specific gravity

Cited by 17 publications

References 14 publications

Analysis of the Calorific Value and Specific Gravity of Breadfruit Peel Bioalcohol (Artocarpus Altilis) as an Alternative Fuel at Various Distillation Temperatures

Analysis of the Calorific Value and Specific Gravity of Breadfruit Peel Bioalcohol (Artocarpus Altilis) as an Alternative Fuel at Various Distillation Temperatures

Effects of Dry Density and Moisture Content on the Kaolin–Brass Interfacial Shear Adhesion

Utilizing Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS) for Precise Estimation of Soil Compaction Parameters

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