Maximum ingested food size in captive anthropoids

Perry, Jonathan M. G.; Bastian, Meredith L.; Clair, Elizabeth M. St.; Hartstone‐Rose, Adam

doi:10.1002/ajpa.22779

Cited by 14 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Therefore, in this study, we expand upon our previous research on maximum ingested bite size (V b ) in relation to a food's mechanical properties by examining V b in captive gorillas. We predict that similar to our previous findings for other anthropoids (Perry et al, ), gorilla V b will also scale relative to body mass with negative allometry.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…This meant using ruled cutting boards, stainless steel rulers, and sharp knives to remove the skin, rind, and seeds as precisely as possible from every food item so that only the relatively homogenous flesh was left, and to slice foods along right angles accurate in length to within 1 mm for the smallest cubes of food used in this study. Foods were of moderate ripeness (i.e., close to the standard mechanical properties at which they are usually consumed by humans), and foods with similar mechanical properties such as toughness (see mechanical testing information below) were then grouped together and placed in the same bins based on the energy it takes to masticate them—in this case, low‐, middle‐ and high‐modulus foods for the least to the most obdurate food cubes respectively (Perry et al, ). The resulting data were pooled for analyses (Table and Figure ), and added to and compared to data from our previous strepsirrhine and anthropoid studies (Perry et al, ; Perry & Hartstone‐Rose, ) to see if and how adding data from the largest ape affects overall primate bite size scaling patterns.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…So, unlike larger strepsirrhines (especially frugivores) who appear to take advantage of their larger size to ingest larger bites of some foods, anthropoids do not take full advantage of their larger size to consume whole proportionally larger foods. Thus, larger anthropoids have a relatively smaller V b than expected for primates as a group (Perry et al, ). However, the previous studies on V b did not include species that spanned the entire primate body size range.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Our previous research has shown that in the same amount of time, nonhuman primates with a larger V b are able to consume a larger volume of food than those with a smaller V b (Perry et al, ). We also found that V b changes depending on the toughness (energy absorption before structural failure) of the food being eaten.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, increased hunger and the desire to eat is associated with larger bite sizes in humans (de Wijk, Zijlstra, Mars, de Graaf, & Prinz, ). Maximum ingested bite size (V b ) is the largest size of food an animal will ingest without first biting it into smaller pieces (Hartstone‐Rose, Parkinson, Criste, & Perry, ; Hartstone‐Rose & Perry, ; Perry, Bastian, St. Clair, & Hartstone‐Rose, ; Perry & Hartstone‐Rose, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Brief communication: Maximum ingested bite size in captive western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla)

Paciulli

Leischner

Lane

et al. 2020

American J Phys Anthropol

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Objectives Previously, we found that maximum ingested bite size (Vb), the largest piece of food an animal can consume without biting it into smaller pieces first, isometrically scales relative to body size in strepsirrhines and with negative allometry in anthropoids. In the current study, we rectify the omission of great apes from the earlier sample to now characterize the Vb of the entire size‐range of the order. Materials and Methods Five gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla—G. g. gorilla) were studied to ascertain Vb in relation to the mechanical properties of five foods. Results Gorilla Vb ranged from 166.38 cm3 (for the least obdurate food: watermelon) to 8 cm3 (for the most obdurate food: turnip), with an average Vb of 33.50 cm3 across all food types. Conclusions When these data were compared to those from our previous studies, we found that gorillas consumed relatively slightly smaller volumes of food compared to the trend found across primates. However, because the more frugivorous gorillas consumed relatively larger pieces of food than the large folivorous monkeys previously studied, including the gorilla data increased the slope of the linear regression between body mass and Vb in anthropoids. Thus, the addition of the largest living primate brings the anthropoid Vb trend closer to the Vb trend of the order. Notwithstanding, there is still negative allometry in anthropoid Vb, in contrast with the isometry in strepsirrhine Vb. Future research should include species with body masses between the smaller anthropoids and gorillas by studying the Vb of large papionids and the other great apes.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Brief communication: Maximum ingested bite size in captive western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla)

Paciulli

Leischner

Lane

et al. 2020

American J Phys Anthropol

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Food mechanical properties and dietary ecology

Berthaume

2016

American J Phys Anthropol

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Interdisciplinary research has benefitted the fields of anthropology and engineering for decades: a classic example being the application of material science to the field of feeding biomechanics. However, after decades of research, discordances have developed in how mechanical properties are defined, measured, calculated, and used due to disharmonies between and within fields. This is highlighted by "toughness," or energy release rate, the comparison of incomparable tests (i.e., the scissors and wedge tests), and the comparison of incomparable metrics (i.e., the stress and displacement-limited indices). Furthermore, while material scientists report on a myriad of mechanical properties, it is common for feeding biomechanics studies to report on just one (energy release rate) or two (energy release rate and Young's modulus), which may or may not be the most appropriate for understanding feeding mechanics.Here, I review portions of materials science important to feeding biomechanists, discussing some of the basic assumptions, tests, and measurements. Next, I provide an overview of what is mechanically important during feeding, and discuss the application of mechanical property tests to feeding biomechanics. I also explain how 1) toughness measures gathered with the scissors, wedge, razor, and/or punch and die tests on non-linearly elastic brittle materials are not mechanical properties, 2) scissors and wedge tests are not comparable and 3) the stress and displacement-limited indices are not comparable. Finally, I discuss what data gathered thus far can be best used for, and discuss the future of the field, urging researchers to challenge underlying assumptions in currently used methods to gain a better understanding between primate masticatory morphology and diet. Am J Phys Anthropol 159:S79-S104, 2016. V C 2016 American Association of Physical Anthropologists "If I have seen further it is by standing on ye shoulders of Giants." Sir Isaac Newton Materials science is a branch of engineering that "involves investigating the relationships that exist between the structures and properties of materials (pg. 3, Callister (2004))," where structures are defined by the arrangement and internal components of a material (e.g., atomic structure). Over the past several decades, anthropologists and biologists have been measuring/calculating mechanical properties of dietary items to investigate differences in feeding strategies, feeding adaptations, and plant defenses (Choong et al., 1992;Hill and Lucas, 1996;Wright and Vincent, 1996;Darvell et al., 1996;Agrawal et al., 1997;Strait and Vincent, 1998;Yamashita, 1998Yamashita, , 2002Yamashita, , 2003Yamashita, , 2008Lucas et al., 2000Lucas et al., , 2001Lucas et al., , 2009Lucas et al., , 2011Agrawal and Lucas, 2003;Balsamo et al., 2003;Lucas, 2004;Elgart-Berry, 2004;Williams et al., 2005;Teaford et al., 2006;Quyet et al., 2007;Freeman and Lemen, 2007b;Wright et al., 2008;Dominy et al., 2008;Norconk et al., 2009b;Vogel et al., 2009Vogel et al., , 2014Wieczkowski, 2009;Yamas...

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Dietary Correlates of Primate Masticatory Muscle Fiber Architecture

Hartstone‐Rose

Deutsch

Leischner

et al. 2018

The Anatomical Record

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Analyses of masticatory muscle architecture-specifically fascicle length (FL; a correlate of muscle stretch and contraction speed) and physiological cross-sectional area (PCSA; a correlate of force)-reveal soft-tissue dietary adaptations. For instance, consumers of large, soft foods are expected to have relatively long FL, while consumers of obdurate foods are expected to have relatively high PCSA. Unfortunately, only a few studies have analyzed these variables across large primate samples-an order of particular interest because it is our own. Previous studies found that, in strepsirrhines, force variables (PCSA and muscle masses; MM) scale with isometry or slight positive allometry, while the body size corrected FL residuals correlate with food sizes. However, a study of platyrrhines using different methods (in which the authors physically cut muscles between fascicles) found very different trends: negative allometry for both the stretch and force variables. Here, we apply the methods used in the strepsirrhine study (chemical dissection of fascicles to ensure full length measurements) to reevaluate these trends in platyrrhines and extend this research to include catarrhines. Our results conform to the previous strepsirrhine trends: there is no evidence of negative allometry in platyrrhines. Rather, in primates broadly and catarrhines specifically, MM and PCSA scale with isometry or positive allometry. When examining size-adjusted variables, it is clear that fascicle lengths (especially those of the temporalis muscle) correlate with diet: species that consume soft, larger, foods have longer masticatory fiber lengths which would allow them to open their jaws to wider gape angles. Anat Rec, 301:311-324, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Maximum ingested food size in captive anthropoids

Cited by 14 publications

References 43 publications

Brief communication: Maximum ingested bite size in captive western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla)

Brief communication: Maximum ingested bite size in captive western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla)

Food mechanical properties and dietary ecology

Dietary Correlates of Primate Masticatory Muscle Fiber Architecture

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