“…Along with the approach of analytic semigroup, one may reach more precise analysis of the finite element solution, such as maximum-norm error estimates of semi-discrete Galerkin FEMs [35,36,38], resolvent estimates of elliptic finite element operators [2,3,8], error analysis of fully discrete FEMs for parabolic equations [26,29,35], and the discrete maximal L p regularity [14,15]. A related topic is the space-time maximum-norm stability estimate for inhomogeneous equations (f or g j may not be identically zero): u h L ∞ (Ω×(0,T )) ≤ C T u 0 h L ∞ + C T l h u L ∞ (Ω×(0,T )) , ∀ T > 0.…”