“…1(a). The voltage-current characteristic equation of a solar cell is given as (1) Where is r photocurrent, is the cell saturation of dark current, q (= 1.6 ×10 -19 C) is an electron charge, k (= 1.38 ×10−23J/K) is a Boltzmann's constant, T s is the cell's working temperature, A is an ideal factor, Rsh is a shunt resistance, and Rs is a series resistance. The photocurrent largely depends on the solar insolation and cell's working temperature, which is described as (2) where is the cell's short-circuit current at a 25°C and 1kW/m 2 , is the cell's short-circuit current temperature coefficient, is the cell's reference temperature, and λ is the solar insolation in kW/m2.…”