Maximum Power Tracking for a Wind Energy Conversion System Using Cascade-Forward Neural Networks

Alzayed, Mohamad; Chaoui, Hicham; Farajpour, Yashar

doi:10.1109/tste.2021.3094093

Cited by 36 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Ge n e r a t o r FIGURE 3. The applied/generated voltage vector v and its components vd, vq, flux, and current vector the grid at any mechanical power, which is done in conjunction with copper loss minimization [28]. MPE determines the exact electromagnetic torque T e that drives the generator at an optimal rotor speed ω opt so that the generator can extract the most power from the turbine.…”

Section: Mo T O Rmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They determine the required torque for extracting the highest power from the given wind velocity, and the MTPA technique is used to calculate the minimal stator current necessary for acquiring the desired torque [27]. In [28], the reference speed is calculated using a neural network at any ambient temperature, wind velocity, and reference power. However, this technique is based on actual measured power, and the neural network needs to be trained for different sizes of wind turbines.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Simplified Current Sensorless Maximum Power Extraction for Wind Energy Conversion Systems

2022

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The penetration of wind energy conversion systems (WECSs) have been substantially expanded over the last few years. Maximum Power Extraction (MPE) is of the most efficient and reliable techniques for controlling the power converter of the generator. This research aims to present a simplified MPE that retains the benefits of the conventional MPE while significantly reducing the control loop complexity. By taking into account the wind velocity and disturbances, the proposed approach reformulates machine equations and controls the voltages and currents on dq-plane to drive the wind turbine at optimum performance. Furthermore, it does not require current and voltage measurements and waives the need for intricate tuning operations. The proposed simplified MPE controller's speed and power tracking performances are assessed through many simulations and experimental tests in various scenarios, and the results are compared to the vendor's datasheets as well as the field-oriented control method to prove its excellence.INDEX TERMS maximum power extraction, voltage source converter, variable speed wind turbine. NOMENCLATURE A. LIST OF ACRONYMS

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Section: Mo T O Rmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Simplified Current Sensorless Maximum Power Extraction for Wind Energy Conversion Systems

2022

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“…On the other hand, the effect of temperature and humidity significantly impact wind speed, leading to a 20%∼30% decrease in aerodynamic power [50]. Recently, the authors in [51] considered the temperature effects in aerodynamic modeling to propose maximum power extraction control techniques using cascaded neural networks. However, humidity effects are not considered in the aerodynamics of WTS.…”

Section: Aerodynamic Power Extraction Challenges In Super-large Wtsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the P ad − ω m characteristics of Figures 4 and 5 precisely match the parameter specifications of the 20 MW rated reference wind turbine for the standard temperature of 15 • C and an altitude value at sea level (ρ = 1.225 kg/m 3 , P ad = 21.2 MW, ω m = 0.75 rad/s). However, when the temperature changes, the aerodynamic power extraction will linearly and negatively change with a change in air temperature [51]. Moreover, the aerodynamic power extraction exceeds the rated value at the rated speed operation for negative temperature values.…”

Section: Performance Of Wts Operation Under Temperature and Humidity ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Recent Aerodynamic Power Extraction Challenges in Coordinated Pitch, Yaw, and Torque Control of Large-Scale Wind Turbine Systems

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As the impacts of environmental change become more severe, reliable and sustainable power generation and efficient aerodynamic power collection of onshore and offshore wind turbine systems present some of the associated key issues to address. Therefore, this review article aims to present current advances and challenges in the aerodynamic power extraction of wind turbines, associated supporting technologies in pitch, yaw, and torque control systems, and their advantages and implications in the renewable energy industry under environmental challenges. To do this, first, mathematical modeling of the environmental characteristics of the wind turbine system is presented. Next, the latest technological advances consider the environmental challenges presented in the literature, and merits and drawbacks are discussed. In addition, pioneering research works and state-of-the-art methodologies are categorized and evaluated according to pitch, yaw, and torque control objectives. Finally, simulation results are presented to demonstrate the impact of environmental issues, improvement claims, findings, and trade-offs of techniques found in the literature on super-large wind turbine systems. Thus, this study is expected to lay the groundwork for future intensive efforts to better understand the performance of large-scale wind turbine systems in addressing environmental issues.

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“…where, i d (k − 1) and i q (k − 1) are the measured values of the stator current at (k − 1) th , and v(k), ∆θ(k), and v(k − 1), ∆θ(k − 1) are the applied voltages at (k) th and (k − 1) th Furthermore, understanding the relationship between the voltage vector, load torque, and machine rotation speed aids in the extraction of a precise control methodology at MTPA operation conditions in the dq-axis voltage plane [111]. The speed trajectory tracking is maintained by the presented method scheme, considering the transient state elements and indirectly regulating the motor current.…”

Section: Ipmsms' Dynamic Direct Voltage Mtpamentioning

confidence: 99%

Simplified Maximum Torque per Ampere Trajectory Tracking for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine Drives

Alzayed¹

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The permanent magnet synchronous machine is considered one of the signicant electric machines used in dierent applications due to its high torque density, high power density, high eciency, and low maintenance. Due to the PM synchronous machines' design, the control system can drive the motor to deliver high torque to mechanical loads with the lowest current, which is called the maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) control method, and operate the generator to inject maximum electric energy into the grid at any mechanical power, which is called the maximum power extraction (MPE).MTPA control can be achieved by direct voltage control. Therefore, a simple direct voltage MTPA control strategy is suggested with a thorough insight analysis to dene the control gains analytically, which simplies the control ultimately and makes it more suitable for low-cost real-time implementation compared to other methods. The proposed method tracks the MTPA trajectory by nding the optimal pair of voltage angle and amplitude for each motor's speed and torque conditions. This is achieved without the need for any current control loop, which makes the technology simple to a great extent, contrary to most methodologies, but this simplicity is made possible by ignoring transient terms that guarantee MTPA only at steady-state. To overcome this limitation, simple dynamic direct control approaches are proposed to compensate for transient terms, making MTPA operation possible in all operating conditions with/without current sensors. The proposed strategies are applied to an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) for industrial and electric vehicle applications and a surface-mount permanent magnet synchronous generator (SPMSG) for wind energy conversion system implementations.To illustrate the suggested control methods' capability, comparative studies are conducted against the popular MTPA vector control strategy. Experimental results for various situations reveal the suggested MTPA controllers' ability. Additionally, to quantitatively assess the MTPA trajectory tracking accuracy, the proposed control methods are compared using a qualication metric with energy consumption and energy eciency studies.iii I also like to thank the Department of Electronics and Prof. Chaoui for the nancial support in the form of scholarships and RA nancing.Besides, I would want to thank my family and friends, particularly my parents and daughters, for their unwavering support during my Ph.D. program. I am appreciative of their assistance in bringing this task to successful completion.Last but not least, I would like to thank and dedicate this thesis to my wife, Tasneem, for the love, support, and constant encouragement I have gotten over the years.

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Maximum Power Tracking for a Wind Energy Conversion System Using Cascade-Forward Neural Networks

Cited by 36 publications

References 36 publications

Simplified Current Sensorless Maximum Power Extraction for Wind Energy Conversion Systems

Simplified Current Sensorless Maximum Power Extraction for Wind Energy Conversion Systems

A Review of Recent Aerodynamic Power Extraction Challenges in Coordinated Pitch, Yaw, and Torque Control of Large-Scale Wind Turbine Systems

Simplified Maximum Torque per Ampere Trajectory Tracking for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine Drives

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