Maximum temperature memory in sandstone and mudstone observed with acoustic emission and ultrasonic measurements

Zuberek, Wacław M.; Żogała, B.; Dubiel, R.; Pierwoła, Jolanta

doi:10.1016/s0148-9062(98)00115-6

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Thermal microcracking during repeated heating cycles is in conflict with the Kaiser memory effect (Kaiser, ) whereby, to sustain damage, a material must be subject to stresses greater than those it has already experienced. The Kaiser memory effect has previously been observed during the thermal stressing of rock and concrete (Choi et al, ; Heap et al, ; Yong & Wang, ; Zuberek et al, ). We suggest that thermal microcrack formation during the second cycle may be due to remnant stresses within the granite following the first cycle.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Thermal Cracking in Westerly Granite Monitored Using Direct Wave Velocity, Coda Wave Interferometry, and Acoustic Emissions

et al. 2018

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To monitor both the permanent (thermal microcracking) and the nonpermanent (thermo‐elastic) effects of temperature on Westerly Granite, we combine acoustic emission monitoring and ultrasonic velocity measurements at ambient pressure during three heating and cooling cycles to a maximum temperature of 450°C. For the velocity measurements we use both P wave direct traveltime and coda wave interferometry techniques, the latter being more sensitive to changes in S wave velocity. During the first cycle, we observe a high acoustic emission rate and large—and mostly permanent—apparent reductions in velocity with temperature (P wave velocity is reduced by 50% of the initial value at 450°C, and 40% upon cooling). Our measurements are indicative of extensive thermal microcracking during the first cycle, predominantly during the heating phase. During the second cycle we observe further—but reduced—microcracking, and less still during the third cycle, where the apparent decrease in velocity with temperature is near reversible (at 450°C, the P wave velocity is decreased by roughly 10% of the initial velocity). Our results, relevant for thermally dynamic environments such as geothermal reservoirs, highlight the value of performing measurements of rock properties under in situ temperature conditions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Thermal Cracking in Westerly Granite Monitored Using Direct Wave Velocity, Coda Wave Interferometry, and Acoustic Emissions

et al. 2018

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“…Changes in dynamic (Alm et al, 1985;Petrakova et al, 2012) and static (Heard and Page, 1982;Homand-Etienne and Houpert, 1989;Heap et al, 2009;Petrakova et al, 2012) elastic moduli in response to thermal stressing showed that, whereas granites showed a deterioration in elastic moduli (e.g., Young's modulus was decreased by between 50-70%), extrusive igneous rocks (basalt and andesite) were unaffected. In the case of the extrusive igneous rocks, the unaltered elastic moduli were interpreted to be a consequence of their pre-existing pervasive thermal microcrack network (perhaps linked to the notion of the Kaiser "temperature memory" effect, see Yong and Wang, 1980;Zuberek et al, 1999;Choi et al, 2005) and their thermally stable mineral assemblages (Heap et al, 2009;Petrakova et al, 2012).…”

Section: Accepted M Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal weakening of the carbonate basement under Mt. Etna volcano (Italy): Implications for volcano instability

Heap

Mollo

Vinciguerra

et al. 2013

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research

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The physical integrity of a sub-volcanic basement is crucial in controlling the stability of a volcanic edifice. For many volcanoes, this basement can comprise thick sequences of carbonates that are prone to significant thermally-induced alteration. These debilitating thermal reactions, facilitated by heat from proximal magma storage volumes, promote the weakening of the rock mass and likely therefore encourage edifice instability. Such instability can result in slow, gravitational spreading and episodic to continuous slippage of unstable flanks, and may also facilitate catastrophic flank collapse. Understanding the propensity of a particular sub-volcanic basement to such instability requires a detailed understanding of the influence of high temperatures on the chemical, physical, and mechanical properties of the rocks involved. The juxtaposition of a thick carbonate substratum and magmatic heat sources makes Mt. Etna volcano an ideal candidate for our study. We investigated experimentally the effect of temperature on two carbonate rocks that have been chosen to represent the deep, heterogeneous sedimentary substratum under Mt. Etna volcano. This study has demonstrated that thermalstressing resulted in a progressive and significant change in the physical properties of the two rocks. Porosity, wet (i.e., water-saturated) dynamic Poisson's ratio and wet Vp/Vs ratio all increased, whilst P-and S-wave velocities, bulk sample density, dynamic and static Young's modulus, dry Vp/Vs ratio, and dry dynamic Poisson's ratio all decreased. At temperatures of 800 °C, the carbonate in these rocks completely dissociated, resulting in a total mass loss of about 45% and the release of about 44 wt.% of CO 2 . Uniaxial deformation experiments showed that high in-situ temperatures (> 500°C) significantly reduced the strength of the carbonates and altered their deformation behaviour. Above 500 °C the rocks deformed in a ductile manner and A C C E P T E D M A N U S C R I P T ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPTthe output of acoustic emissions was greatly reduced. We speculate that thermally-induced weakening and the ductile behaviour of the carbonate substratum could be a key factor in explaining the large-scale deformation observed at Mt. Etna volcano. Our findings are consistent with several field observations at Mt. Etna volcano and can quantitatively support the interpretation of (1) the irregularly low seismic velocity zones present within the sub-volcanic sedimentary basement, (2) the anomalously high CO 2 degassing observed, (3) the anomalously high Vp/Vs ratios and the rapid migration of fluids, and (4) the increasing instability of volcanic edifices in the lifespan of a magmatic system. We speculate that carbonate sub-volcanic basement may emerge as one of the decisive fundamentals in controlling volcanic stability.

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Influence of repeated heating on physical-mechanical properties and damage evolution of granite

Wang

Frühwirt

Konietzky

2020

International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences

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Maximum temperature memory in sandstone and mudstone observed with acoustic emission and ultrasonic measurements

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Thermal Cracking in Westerly Granite Monitored Using Direct Wave Velocity, Coda Wave Interferometry, and Acoustic Emissions

Thermal Cracking in Westerly Granite Monitored Using Direct Wave Velocity, Coda Wave Interferometry, and Acoustic Emissions

Thermal weakening of the carbonate basement under Mt. Etna volcano (Italy): Implications for volcano instability

Influence of repeated heating on physical-mechanical properties and damage evolution of granite

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