“…As a well-abstracted model, optimal scheduling of tasks for multiple processors is a NP-complete problem [7], and thus many heuristics and meta-heuristics are proposed in literatures. Heuristics are directly designed for tasks scheduling, such as MinMin [8], Sufferage [9] and MaxStd [10], while meta-heuristics are combinatorial optimization techniques used indirectly for task scheduling, and the representative meta-heuristics include Genetic Algorithm (GA) [8], Simulated Annealing (SA) [8], Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) [11] and Chemical Reaction Optimization (CRO) [6]. These algorithms work at task level, and require the prediction of each task's execution time on each machine, forming an ETC (Expected Time to Compute) matrix [8].Though both heuristics and meta-heuristics are classic solutions to traditional HTC (High Throughput Computing) [1], they are not suitable for MTC.…”