Maxwell equation for conductivity of dielectrics as the basis of direct relationship of ionic electrical conductivity and mechanical losses in glasses. New problems of physical chemistry of glass

Abstract

Abstract⎯Use of the Maxwell equation for the conductivity of dielectrics and the theory of mechanical losses in glasses caused by ionic shifts has made it possible to calculate directly the temperature of the "ionic" max imum of mechanical losses using data on direct current conductivity. The Maxwell equation was used without changes, in the view accepted in electromagnetic theory. An intuitive physicochemical interpretation of the nature of ionic conductivity measured at constant voltage as a relaxation process was suggested. Verification of the suggestion equation's validity was performed for one alkali glasses in silicate, borosilicate, phosphate, borate, and germanate systems. The ratio of calculated and experimental values of the temperature of the "ionic" internal friction maximum corresponds to 0.995 ± 0.034 and does not depend on the frequency of measurements of internal friction (it changed by four orders) or the parameters characterizing conductivity. These results also confirm the validity of the Maxwell equation for the conductivity of dielectrics. The possi bility of describing the direct current ionic conductivity of glasses as a Debye relaxation transition proved in this work is a consequence of the constant voltage condition. The design of a theory for the condition of nat ural decay of a given potential, when the Kohlrausch relaxation regularity becomes valid, represents a princi pally important problem of physics and physical chemistry of disordered systems.

In the memory of Professor Sergei V. Nemilov (1939–2020)

“…He paid much attention to little‐known pages of the history of science, in particular, he published a paper about ML Frankenheim, a forgotten German scientist who worked in the first half of 19th century, and who gave the first definition of glassy state, which practically coincides with modern ideas about the structure of glasses. A list of several important theoretical and experimental Nemilov's works is presented at the end of this obituary 1‐14 …”

“…A list of several important theoretical and experimental Nemilov's works is presented at the end of this obituary. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] The opportunities for international cooperation that opened up for Russian scientists since the 1990s were fully used by Prof. Nemilov. He conducted some years of joint work with German scientists in the framework of Russian-German and EU projects.…”