“…The commoditization of translation work cannot be blamed exclusively on the actions of Internet-based corporations, however. In fact, capitalist exchange in Maya communities has been constantly expanding since the end of the 19th century (Tax, 1956;Smith and Moors, 1990;Woodward, 1993; Asturias de Barrios, 1994, Little, 2004Fischer and Benson, 2006;Foxen, 2007;DeHart, 2010;Goldin, 2011). Crucial milestones include the rise of the coffee plantation economy in the 19th century, the expansion of orthodox Catholicism and Pentecostalism at the expense of the traditional Maya religion since the 1930's, substantial increases in access to formal education since the 1950's, the horrific violence and social dislocation provoked by state counterinsurgency in the 1970's and 1980's and the tidal wave of migration to the US since the mid-1980mid- 's (Warren, 1978Brintnall, 1979;Falla, 1980;Cambranes, 1985;Rojas Lima, 1988, Falla, 1992Cantón Delgado, 1998, Garrard-Burnett, 1998Schirmer, 1999;González, 2002;Manz, 2004;Camus, 2007;Foxen, 2007;Falla, 2008;Grandia, 2009).…”