mcr-1 Gene in Latin America: How Is It Disseminated Among Humans, Animals, and the Environment?

Lentz, Silvia Adriana Mayer; Dalmolin, Tanise Vendruscolo; Barth, Afonso Luís; Martins, Andreza Francisco

doi:10.3389/fpubh.2021.648940

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The mcr-1 gene was located between the nikB and pap2 genes and carried an IncI2 plasmid (Figure 1b). The nikB-mcr-1-pap2 structure is conserved among IncI2 plasmids, as previously reported in isolates from poultry in Peru [27] and other countries in Latin America [28]. The prevalence of positive isolates for the mcr-1 gene from pig samples has been reported in China (20.6%), Vietnam (22%), and Belgium (13.2%) [29][30][31].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Genomic Profiling of Multidrug-Resistant Swine Escherichia coli and Clonal Relationship to Human Isolates in Peru

Alvarez,

Carhuaricra,

Palomino-Farfan

et al. 2023

Antibiotics

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The misuse of antibiotics is accelerating antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Escherichia coli isolated from farm animals. The genomes of ten multidrug-resistant (MDR) E. coli isolates from pigs were analyzed to determine their sequence types, serotypes, virulence, and AMR genes (ARGs). Additionally, the relationship was evaluated adding all the available genomes of Peruvian E. coli from humans using the cgMLST + HierCC scheme. Two aEPEC O186:H11-ST29 were identified, of which H11 and ST29 are reported in aEPEC isolates from different sources. An isolate ETEC-O149:H10-ST100 was identified, considered a high-risk clone that is frequently reported in different countries as a cause of diarrhea in piglets. One ExPEC O101:H11-ST167 was identified, for which ST167 is an international high-risk clone related to urinary infections in humans. We identified many ARGs, including extended-spectrum β-lactamase genes, and one ETEC harboring the mcr-1 gene. CgMLST + HierCC analysis differentiated three clusters, and in two, the human isolates were grouped with those of swine in the same cluster. We observed that Peruvian swine MDR E. coli cluster with Peruvian E. coli isolates from healthy humans and from clinical cases, which is of great public health concern and evidence that AMR surveillance should be strengthened based on the One Health approach.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Genomic Profiling of Multidrug-Resistant Swine Escherichia coli and Clonal Relationship to Human Isolates in Peru

Alvarez,

Carhuaricra,

Palomino-Farfan

et al. 2023

Antibiotics

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“…Cassettes with the Tn6330 structure are generally mobilized by IncHI2 plasmids; however, E. coli has been reported harboring mcr-1 into hybrid plasmids containing the incompatible types IncHI1A and IncHI1B in Asia [ 47 , 48 ]. Up to now, only four plasmids have been described to carry the mrc-1 gene in Latin America: IncX4, IncP, IncI2 and IncHI2 [ 49 ]. On other hand, some E. coli genomes from chicken and pigs presented mcr-1 carried by the IncI2 plasmid lacking the IS Apl1 copies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence and Genomic Characterization of mcr-1-Harboring Escherichia coli Isolates from Chicken and Pig Farms in Lima, Peru

et al. 2022

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Resistance to colistin generated by the mcr-1 gene in Enterobacteriaceae is of great concern due to its efficient worldwide spread. Despite the fact that the Lima region has a third of the Peruvian population and more than half of the national pig and poultry production, there are no reports of the occurrence of the mcr-1 gene in Escherichia coli isolated from livestock. In the present work, we studied the occurrence of E. coli carrying the mcr-1 gene in chicken and pig farms in Lima between 2019 and 2020 and described the genomic context of the mcr-1 gene. We collected fecal samples from 15 farms in 4 provinces of Lima including the capital Lima Metropolitana and recovered 341 E. coli isolates. We found that 21.3% (42/197) and 12.5% (18/144) of the chicken and pig strains were mcr-1-positive by PCR, respectively. The whole genome sequencing of 14 mcr-1-positive isolates revealed diverse sequence types (e.g., ST48 and ST602) and the presence of other 38 genes that confer resistance to 10 different classes of antibiotics, including beta-lactamase blaCTX-M-55. The mcr-1 gene was located on diverse plasmids belonging to the IncI2 and IncHI1A:IncHI1B replicon types. A comparative analysis of the plasmids showed that they contained the mcr-1 gene within varied structures (mikB–mcr1–pap2, ISApl1–mcr1–pap2, and Tn6330). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to study the prevalence of the mcr-1 gene in livestock in Peru, revealing its high occurrence in pig and chicken farms. The genetic diversity of mcr-1-positive strains suggests a complex local epidemiology calling for a coordinated surveillance under the One-Health approach that includes animals, retail meat, farmers, hospitals and the environment to effectively detect and limit the spread of colistin-resistant bacteria.

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“…Although resistance to tigecycline has been reported in 29.3% of E. coli strains isolated from organic chicken farms (Musa et al, 2021), the authors did not rule out the possibility of an environmental origin for the resistant strains. In contrast, resistance to colistin has been detected in several investigations in the poultry production chain, including in Brazil (Lopes et al, 2020;Lentz et al, 2021), with frequencies ranging from 1.8% (Perrin-Guyomard et al, 2016;Pesciaroli et al, 2020) to as high as 57.94% (Barbieri et al, 2021) and 79.8% (Irrgang et al, 2016). In addition, food animals have been suggested as possible reservoirs and spreaders of genes that confer resistance to this class of antimicrobials (Irrgang et al, 2016;Perrin-Guyomard et al, 2016;Guenther et al, 2017;Monte et al, 2017;Yassin et al, 2017;Bitrus et al, 2018;Zhang et al, 2018).…”

Section: Tablementioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial resistance profiles in Escherichia coli isolated from whole-chicken carcasses from conventional, antibiotic-free, and organic rearing systems

Vieira

Oliveira

Cibulski

et al. 2022

Semina: Ciênc. Agrár.

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Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing concern in human and animal health. Public discussions on these issues have contributed to an increased demand for antibiotic-free food. Studies comparing the antimicrobial resistance profiles of bacteria in foodstuffs originating from farming systems with restrictions on the use of antimicrobials are scarce. This study aimed to assess the antimicrobial resistance profiles of generic Escherichia coli isolated from whole chickens originating from farming systems with and without restrictions on the use of antimicrobials. For this purpose, three groups of E. coli strains were formed: (GC) from chickens reared in conventional production systems, without restriction on the use of antimicrobials (n=72); (GL) from chickens reared in farming systems certified as free of any antibiotic use (n=72); and (GO) from chickens from an organic farming system (n=72). Whole chicken units were individually rinsed as recommended by ISO 17604:2015, and E. coli was isolated from the rinse suspension. To evaluate the resistance profile, E. coli strains were tested against 12 antimicrobials using broth microdilution or disk diffusion tests. Eighty strains (40.7%) were found to be fully susceptible to the tested antimicrobials, and 23.6% were multidrug resistant. The highest frequencies of resistance were observed to tetracycline (GC=37,5%; GL=34,7%; GO=25%) and trimethoprim (GC=27,8%; GL=34,7%; GO=22,2%). In the case of multidrug resistant strains, GC presented 32% (n=23) of strains with multidrug resistance characteristics whereas the GL and GO groups presented 22% (n=16) and 17% (n=12), respectively. As for the totally susceptible strains, a frequency of 56% of Tsus strains was observed in the organic group, whereas this frequency was 33% in the GC and GL groups. Using GC as a reference, the Poisson regression model showed a higher occurrence of fully susceptible E. coli strains, as well as lower frequencies of multidrug resistance and resistance to ampicillin and nalidixic acid in GO. The GL group exhibited the lowest frequency of ampicillin resistance. These observations suggest that the lower selection pressure for antimicrobial use in the farming system may be reflected in the resistance profile of bacteria present in foodstuffs purchased by consumers.

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mcr-1 Gene in Latin America: How Is It Disseminated Among Humans, Animals, and the Environment?

Cited by 10 publications

References 46 publications

Genomic Profiling of Multidrug-Resistant Swine Escherichia coli and Clonal Relationship to Human Isolates in Peru

Genomic Profiling of Multidrug-Resistant Swine Escherichia coli and Clonal Relationship to Human Isolates in Peru

Occurrence and Genomic Characterization of mcr-1-Harboring Escherichia coli Isolates from Chicken and Pig Farms in Lima, Peru

Antimicrobial resistance profiles in Escherichia coli isolated from whole-chicken carcasses from conventional, antibiotic-free, and organic rearing systems

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