MDA-SMAC: An Energy-Efficient Improved SMAC Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

Abstract

In sensor medium access control (SMAC) protocol, sensor nodes can only access the channel in the scheduling and listening period. However, this fixed working method may generate data latency and high conflict. To solve those problems, scheduling duty in the original SMAC protocol is divided into multiple small scheduling duties (micro duty MD). By applying different micro-dispersed contention channel, sensor nodes can reduce the collision probability of the data and thereby save energy. Based on the given micro-duty, this paper presents an adaptive duty cycle (DC) and back-off algorithm, aiming at detecting the fixed duty cycle in SMAC protocol. According to the given buffer queue length, sensor nodes dynamically change the duty cycle. In the context of low duty cycle and low flow, fair binary exponential back-off (F-BEB) algorithm is applied to reduce data latency. In the context of high duty cycle and high flow, capture avoidance binary exponential back-off (CA-BEB) algorithm is used to further reduce the conflict probability for saving energy consumption. Based on the above two contexts, we propose an improved SMAC protocol, micro duty adaptive SMAC protocol (MDA-SMAC). Comparing the performance between MDA-SMAC protocol and SMAC protocol on the NS-2 simulation platform, the results show that, MDA-SMAC protocol performs better in terms of energy consumption, latency and effective throughput than SMAC protocol, especially in the condition of more crowded network traffic and more sensor nodes.

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“…DCD-MAC [11] MDA-SMAC [12] eqCC [13] cf-TDMA [14] TCP-CSMA/CA [15] There are different methods to reduce the frame-collision probability and avoid wasted energy of retransmissions. In principle, these methods are usually based on some assumptions or additional hardware.…”

“…Besides, we use Equation (11) to estimate energy consumption. All parameters in Equation ( 11) come from the CC2530F256 manual, and the idle listening time, T idle , is given by: E = 38 mW × T tx + 39.5 mW × T rx + 36.5 mW × T idle + 2.97µW × T sleep (11) T idle = T Frame − T tx − T rx − T sleep (12) To compare with CSMA/CA, S-MAC, and T-MAC objectively, we used the environmental temperature and humidity models [26][27][28][29]. This means that the temperature and humidity data of these models were simulated in laboratory tests.…”

“…This is effective to minimize collisions in order to save energy. Except for applying micro-cycles and adaptive micro-cycle duty-cycle mechanisms, Xu and Wang propose MDA-SMAC [12]. This protocol includes binary exponential backoff algorithms to reduce data latency and energy consumption.…”